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Nutrition And Malnutrition > Section 4 > Flashcards

Section 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrate types

A

Sugar
Starch
Cellulose

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2
Q

Sucrose

A

Table sugar

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3
Q

Glucose

A

C6H12O6
Polar molecule
Covalent bond between 6C +12H +6O

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4
Q

Monosaccharides what is it and its 3 different groups

A

One sugar. Simple sugar composed of 1 sugar unit.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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5
Q

Disaccharides and it’s groups

A

Simple sugar composed of 2 sugar units
Linked by covalent bonds

Sucrose fructose + glucose
Lactose - glucose + galactose
Maltose - 2 glucose

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6
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Type of carb composed of many sugar units

Starch

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7
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process by green plants use light for energy from sun to convert carbon dioxide gas from air and water taken up by plants root into sugar incl glucose.
By product is oxygen gas

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8
Q

Plants and animals can’t store glucose for long time in their tissues so what they do instead

A

Convert glucose into longer insoluble polysaccharides

Contain from 100-10000 of linked monosaccharides units

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9
Q

Monomers

A

Simple molecular units tat are 1 part of more complex polymer molecule

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10
Q

Polymers

A

Many parts

Large chain like molecules build from multiple repeating simpler units or monomers

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11
Q

Plants convert glucose to…

A

Starch or cellulose

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12
Q

Humans store glucose in…

A

Liver

Muscle tissue as glycogen

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13
Q

Cellulose

A

Cannot be absorbed. It is dietary fibre

It helps to move food through the gut and keep the digestive system healthy

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14
Q

Protein

A

Broken down in digestive system to release individual amino acids
Amino acids monomers
Protein polymers

Build and repair blocks
Made out of C, H, O, and N

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15
Q

Protein keratine

A

Component of hair, nails and skin

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16
Q

Enzymes

A

Protein that speeds up and catalyse chemical reactions in living organism

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17
Q

Catalyse

A

Cause or accelerate chemicals reaction by acting as catalyst

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18
Q

Essential amino acids

9

A 
Histidine 
Isoleucine 
Leucine 
Lysine 
Methionine 
Phenylalanine 
Tryptophan 
Threonine 
Valine

We cannot make them need to supply by food

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19
Q

Non essential amino acids 11

A 
Alanine 
Arginine 
Asparagine 
Aspartic acid 
Cysteine 
Glutamic acid 
Glutamine 
Glycine 
Proline 
Serine 
Tyrosine
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20
Q

Why amino acids are different how what they are composed of

A

Amino group + R group + carbonyl group

R group is different for each amino acid

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21
Q

Polypeptide

A

Single chain of many amino acids joined together. Protein can be made up of 1 or more polypeptides

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22
Q

Collagen

A

Important Opponent of the connective tissues .

Skin tendons bones and other tissues

23
Q

2 different protein structure

A

Helix and globular

24
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Inside hate h2o

25
Q

Hydrophilic

A

On the outside love eater

26
Q

Protein folding

A

As protein starts to fold hydrophobic amino acids try to get inside as the protein folds up

27
Q

Lipids

A

Organic molecules
Slippery or greasy feel
Not soluble in water
Fats oil cholesterol

Source of energy 
Way of storing energy 
Help with digestion 
Insulate body 
Transport of substances that dissolve in fats 
Important complement of cell membranes
28
Q

Emulsion

A

Fine mixture of small droplets of liquid in another in which is not soluble

29
Q

What fat contain what element

A

C+H+O

30
Q

Triacyglycerol made of

A

Glycerol + fatty acid 1+ fatty acid 2 + fatty acid 3

31
Q

Linoleic acid and alpha linoleic

And deficiency

A

Body cannot synthesise so need to be in the diet. Omega 3 and 6

Scaly skin
Hair loss
Poor wound healing

32
Q

Saturated fats

Where is coming from

A

Obtaining only saturated fatty acids. Covalent bond between carbon atoms in the chain are all single bonds

Solid, animal derived

33
Q

Unsaturated fats

What form it has

A

Containing one or more unsaturated fatty acids chains.
Some of the bonds between carbon atoms in the chain are double bonds

Liquids derived from plants

34
Q

Bilayer

A

Double layer water and oil

35
Q

Ways mole lies move in and out of cell

A

Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport

36
Q

Diffusion

A

Small filling room
From high concentration to low concentration
Stops when at the same concentration

37
Q

Osmosis

A

Salt and water

Molecules of solvent move through membrane from less concentrated solution

38
Q

Active transport

A

Substance must be moved against concentration
Opposite to diffusion
Requires cell to expend energy

39
Q

Cholesterol

A

Essential for cell membrane
Essential for synthesis of certain molecules
Can build up in the blood
Lipid molecules

40
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Building cholesterol in blood vessels

Restrict blood flow and form clots

41
Q

Lipoproteins

A

Protein Carry cholesterol around the blood circulation

Low density LDL
High density HDL

42
Q

Low density lipoprotein

A

Carry cholesterol from liver to other cells that need it

Can build up causing atherosclerosis if there is too much

43
Q

Night density lipoprotein

A

Protective as it carries cholesterol away from cell and back to the liver where it is either broken down or passed out as waste

44
Q

Statin

A

Drug that blocks activity of an enzyme that is needed to make cholesterol

45
Q

Vitamin c and signs of deficiency

A

Synthesis of collagen
Maintenance of healthy connective tissues and effective wound healing

 Teeth loosened and fell out
Gums bled and haemorrhaged 
Bad smell
Skin covered in bruises 
Heart failure 
Death
46
Q

Vitamin e

A

Antioxidant

Protect cells from damaging

47
Q

Vitamin D

A

Keeps bones and teeth healthy by regulating uptake of calcium. Lack of cause bone deformities - rickets
Knocked knee posture caused by weak bones

48
Q

Vitamin k

A

Required for the blood to clot efficiently during wound healing
It’s made by bacteria living in the gut or can be found in food

49
Q

Water soluble vitamins

A

Cannot be stored and need to be regularly replaced

50
Q

Vitamin a

And deficiency sign

A

Production of erythrocytes and epithelial cells
Eye function

Night blindness

51
Q

Electrolytes

A

Chemical substances that dissolve In water to form ions

52
Q

Iodine

A

Can be obtained from cereals that have been growing In iodine rich soils.
Also seafood

Deficiency 
Lack of thyroid hormone 
Fatigue 
Mental slowing 
Depression 
Goitre 
Essential for fetus nervous system
53
Q

Iron where is it found and deficiency

A

Haemoglobin blood
Myoglobin muscle

Anaemia
Weakness
Tiredness
Erythrocytes produced in bond marrow are smaller and contain less haemoglobin

Nutrition And Malnutrition (9 decks)

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