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Nutrition And Malnutrition > Section 4 > Flashcards

Section 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Carbohydrate types

A

Sugar
Starch
Cellulose

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2
Q

Sucrose

A

Table sugar

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3
Q

Glucose

A

C6H12O6
Polar molecule
Covalent bond between 6C +12H +6O

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4
Q

Monosaccharides what is it and its 3 different groups

A

One sugar. Simple sugar composed of 1 sugar unit.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose

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5
Q

Disaccharides and it’s groups

A

Simple sugar composed of 2 sugar units
Linked by covalent bonds

Sucrose fructose + glucose
Lactose - glucose + galactose
Maltose - 2 glucose

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6
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Type of carb composed of many sugar units

Starch

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7
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process by green plants use light for energy from sun to convert carbon dioxide gas from air and water taken up by plants root into sugar incl glucose.
By product is oxygen gas

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8
Q

Plants and animals can’t store glucose for long time in their tissues so what they do instead

A

Convert glucose into longer insoluble polysaccharides

Contain from 100-10000 of linked monosaccharides units

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9
Q

Monomers

A

Simple molecular units tat are 1 part of more complex polymer molecule

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10
Q

Polymers

A

Many parts

Large chain like molecules build from multiple repeating simpler units or monomers

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11
Q

Plants convert glucose to…

A

Starch or cellulose

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12
Q

Humans store glucose in…

A

Liver

Muscle tissue as glycogen

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13
Q

Cellulose

A

Cannot be absorbed. It is dietary fibre

It helps to move food through the gut and keep the digestive system healthy

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14
Q

Protein

A

Broken down in digestive system to release individual amino acids
Amino acids monomers
Protein polymers

Build and repair blocks
Made out of C, H, O, and N

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15
Q

Protein keratine

A

Component of hair, nails and skin

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16
Q

Enzymes

A

Protein that speeds up and catalyse chemical reactions in living organism

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17
Q

Catalyse

A

Cause or accelerate chemicals reaction by acting as catalyst

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18
Q

Essential amino acids

9

A 
Histidine 
Isoleucine 
Leucine 
Lysine 
Methionine 
Phenylalanine 
Tryptophan 
Threonine 
Valine

We cannot make them need to supply by food

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19
Q

Non essential amino acids 11

A 
Alanine 
Arginine 
Asparagine 
Aspartic acid 
Cysteine 
Glutamic acid 
Glutamine 
Glycine 
Proline 
Serine 
Tyrosine
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20
Q

Why amino acids are different how what they are composed of

A

Amino group + R group + carbonyl group

R group is different for each amino acid

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21
Q

Polypeptide

A

Single chain of many amino acids joined together. Protein can be made up of 1 or more polypeptides

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22
Q

Collagen

A

Important Opponent of the connective tissues .

Skin tendons bones and other tissues

23
Q

2 different protein structure

A

Helix and globular

24
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Inside hate h2o

25
Hydrophilic
On the outside love eater
26
Protein folding
As protein starts to fold hydrophobic amino acids try to get inside as the protein folds up
27
Lipids
Organic molecules Slippery or greasy feel Not soluble in water Fats oil cholesterol ``` Source of energy Way of storing energy Help with digestion Insulate body Transport of substances that dissolve in fats Important complement of cell membranes ```
28
Emulsion
Fine mixture of small droplets of liquid in another in which is not soluble
29
What fat contain what element
C+H+O
30
Triacyglycerol made of
Glycerol + fatty acid 1+ fatty acid 2 + fatty acid 3
31
Linoleic acid and alpha linoleic | And deficiency
Body cannot synthesise so need to be in the diet. Omega 3 and 6 Scaly skin Hair loss Poor wound healing
32
Saturated fats | Where is coming from
Obtaining only saturated fatty acids. Covalent bond between carbon atoms in the chain are all single bonds Solid, animal derived
33
Unsaturated fats | What form it has
Containing one or more unsaturated fatty acids chains. Some of the bonds between carbon atoms in the chain are double bonds Liquids derived from plants
34
Bilayer
Double layer water and oil
35
Ways mole lies move in and out of cell
Diffusion Osmosis Active transport
36
Diffusion
Small filling room From high concentration to low concentration Stops when at the same concentration
37
Osmosis
Salt and water | Molecules of solvent move through membrane from less concentrated solution
38
Active transport
Substance must be moved against concentration Opposite to diffusion Requires cell to expend energy
39
Cholesterol
Essential for cell membrane Essential for synthesis of certain molecules Can build up in the blood Lipid molecules
40
Atherosclerosis
Building cholesterol in blood vessels Restrict blood flow and form clots
41
Lipoproteins
Protein Carry cholesterol around the blood circulation Low density LDL High density HDL
42
Low density lipoprotein
Carry cholesterol from liver to other cells that need it Can build up causing atherosclerosis if there is too much
43
Night density lipoprotein
Protective as it carries cholesterol away from cell and back to the liver where it is either broken down or passed out as waste
44
Statin
Drug that blocks activity of an enzyme that is needed to make cholesterol
45
Vitamin c and signs of deficiency
Synthesis of collagen Maintenance of healthy connective tissues and effective wound healing ``` Teeth loosened and fell out Gums bled and haemorrhaged Bad smell Skin covered in bruises Heart failure Death ```
46
Vitamin e
Antioxidant | Protect cells from damaging
47
Vitamin D
Keeps bones and teeth healthy by regulating uptake of calcium. Lack of cause bone deformities - rickets Knocked knee posture caused by weak bones
48
Vitamin k
Required for the blood to clot efficiently during wound healing It’s made by bacteria living in the gut or can be found in food
49
Water soluble vitamins
Cannot be stored and need to be regularly replaced
50
Vitamin a And deficiency sign
Production of erythrocytes and epithelial cells Eye function Night blindness
51
Electrolytes
Chemical substances that dissolve In water to form ions
52
Iodine
Can be obtained from cereals that have been growing In iodine rich soils. Also seafood ``` Deficiency Lack of thyroid hormone Fatigue Mental slowing Depression Goitre Essential for fetus nervous system ```
53
Iron where is it found and deficiency
Haemoglobin blood Myoglobin muscle Anaemia Weakness Tiredness Erythrocytes produced in bond marrow are smaller and contain less haemoglobin

Nutrition And Malnutrition (9 decks)

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