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Growth & Maturation > Section 8 > Flashcards

Section 8 Flashcards

1
Q

“total chemical energy available to perform aerobic work”

A

aerobic capacity

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2
Q

“highest mitochondrial transformation of chemical energy per minute, measured as VO2 max”

A

maximal aerobic power

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3
Q

VO2 max

A

maximal oxygen uptake

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4
Q

Three energy systems

A
  1. ATP-CP system
  2. Glycogen to lactate system
  3. Oxidative system
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5
Q

Which energy system do we rely on during prolonged exercise?

A

O2 system/aerobic system

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6
Q

True or false?

Estimation of pure aerobic metabolism is impossible to perform

A

True, it is impossible to perform

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7
Q

What is the contribution of non-oxidative metabolism during moderate exercise intensity (12-14) min?

A

minimal, rely more on oxidative metabolism

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8
Q

How do we measure maximal aerobic power (VO2max)?

A
  1. all outperformance
  2. greater than 8 minutes
  3. fixed cadence (60 rpm, increase every 2 min)
  4. increasing workload
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9
Q

How do we test maximal aerobic power in children?

A
  • same equipment

- cycle modifications (seat closer to pedals, lower pedal circumference, visual cadence)

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10
Q

Other options to measure VO2 max

A
  • mechanical power during maximal effort (watts/watts/kg)
  • extrapolate submaximal performance (PWC170)
  • anaerobic threshold
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11
Q

Maximal VO2 test criteria

A
  • max heart rate met = 220-age
  • RER greater than 1.05
  • VO2 plateau despite increased workload
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12
Q

RER

A

VCO2/VO2

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13
Q

What % of children reach VO2 plateau?

A

only 40-50% of children

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14
Q

%Fat and %carbs when RER = 1.00

A

0% Fat and 100% carb

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15
Q

%fat and %carbs when RER = 0.85

A

50% and 50%

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16
Q

%fat and %carbs when RER = 0.70

A

100% fat and 0% carbs

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17
Q

Growth-related adaptations in aerobic performance

A
  1. cardiovascular
  2. ventilatory
  3. economy of movement
18
Q

Fick equation

A

VO2 = Q (Cao2 - Cvo2)

= HR x SV (Cao2 - Cvo2)

19
Q

With growth, heart size_________ (increases or decreases)

A

increases

20
Q

With growth, heart rate_________ (increases or decreases)

A

decreases

21
Q

With growth, SV________ (increases or decreases)

A

increases

22
Q

With growth, Q________ (increases or decreases)

A

increases

23
Q

In young children, VO2_________ (increases/decreases) with exercise which _______ a-VO2 difference

A

increases, increases

24
Q 
At the same VO2 children:
\_\_\_HR
\_\_\_SV
\_\_\_ Q
>/< Cao2 - Cvo2
A

increased HR, decreased SV (smaller heart), same cardiac output, greater a-VO2 diff (children working closer to their maximum)

25
Q

Ventilatory equivalent

A

Ve/VO2 (lower= more efficient)

26
Q

Does ventilatory equivalent increase or decrease with age?

A

decrease

27
Q

As we age, O2 uptake_________(increases/decreases) at the same workload

A

decreases

28
Q

Children have a ________(higher/lower) cost of locomotion than young adults

A

higher

29
Q

Children have a _______(lower/higher) metabolic reserve

A

lower, increases with age

30
Q

Metabolic reserve

A

VO2 max - VO2 during submaximal exercise

31
Q

Does co-contraction of muscles increase or decrease cost of locomotion?

A

increase, not efficient

32
Q

Absolute submaximal aerobic power

A
  • increases with age
  • males 3x increase
  • females 2x increase
33
Q

Relative submaximal aerobic power

A
  • watts/kg

- remains constant

34
Q

Absolute VO2 max

A
  • males increase to age 16
  • females increase to age 13
  • males greater than females
35
Q

Relative VO2 max

A
  • slight decrease with age (male and female)
36
Q

Children’s lactate levels are _____(lower/higher) than adults during prolonged exercise

A

lower

37
Q

Children’s RER value is ________ (lower/higher) than adults, which means they use more_______

A

lower, fats

38
Q

Women burn more_______ and girls burn more______

A

carbs, fat

39
Q

During moderate exercise, pre-adolescence relationship with SA is____

A

low

40
Q

During moderate exercise, adolescence correlation with SA is

A

0.30-0.70

41
Q

Relative VO2 maturity association

A

males- late-maturing greater VO2 max than ages 11-13

females- no maturity related difference

Growth & Maturation (5 decks)

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