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Growth & Maturation > Section 6 > Flashcards

Section 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Maturation is a…

A

process (different timing and tempo)

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2
Q

Maturity is a…

A

state (level of maturity)

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3
Q

True or false:

tempo does not always follow chronological age

A

true

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4
Q

What are the common indicators of maturity?

A

Skeletal, Sexual, Somatic Maturation

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5
Q

What is dental maturation?

A

eruption and calcification of teeth (proceeds independently)

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6
Q

What type of maturation is not related to other indicators?

A

neuromuscular maturation (independent walking/nerve conduction velocity)

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7
Q

True or false:

Indicators MUST occur in all individuals as they progress to the adult state

A

true

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8
Q

Measures to assess maturity based on biological system in question/under study

A

maturity indicators

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9
Q

What is the best method to assess biological maturity?

A

skeletal maturity

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10
Q

Skeletal maturity

A

cartilage skeleton———–> bone skeleton

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11
Q

How many bones does a newborn have in its wrist and hand?

A

21 (wrist bones are cartilage)

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12
Q

How many bones does a 6-year-old have in its wrist and hand?

A

49 (ossified cartilage)

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13
Q

How many bones does a young adult have in its wrist and hand?

A

31 bones

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14
Q

Long bones

A

contain the diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (head)

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15
Q

How do long bones grow?

A

In length (between diaphysis and epiphysis)

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16
Q

Round bones

A
  • contain the carpal bones (irregular shape)

- centre of ossification

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17
Q

How do round bones grow?

A

grow from centre outward

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18
Q

What are the 3 maturity indicators of bone?

A
  • Initial appearance of bone (replaced by cartilage)
  • Gradual shape differentiation (enlargement of carpal bones)
  • Adult state (union + fusion of epiphysis/diaphysis)
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19
Q

Greulich-Pyle assessment method

A
  • 30 bones
  • atlas/inspectional method
  • matching hand/wrist X-ray to atlas
  • determines median SA
20
Q

Tanner Whitehouse assessment method

A
  • 20 bones
  • bone specific
  • compare x-ray to written criteria (score 0-1000)
21
Q

Fels assessment method

A
  • 20 bones

- graded indicators for each bone

22
Q

What is the difference between SA and CA?

A

skeletal maturity is advanced by 1.8 years

23
Q

Relative SA

A

SA/CA = 1.17

24
Q

Advanced SA

A

Ratio greater than 1.0

25
Q

Delayed SA

A

ration less than 1.0

26
Q

Production of mature ovum, ability to achieve term pregnancy, viable offspring

A

female sexual maturity

27
Q

production of mature sperm capable of fertilizing an ovum

A

male sexual maturity

28
Q

Transition between childhood/adulthood

  • apprearance of secondary sex characteristics
  • maturation of the reproductive system
  • adolescent growth spurt
A

puberty

29
Q

Secondary sex characteristics

A

pubic hair, breast development/menarche, penis/testes development

30
Q

Secondary sex characteristic assessment

A
  • non-technical
  • relatively inexpensive
  • can be done at any time
  • reasonably reliable
  • self-assessment
31
Q

Non clinical secondary sex characteristic assessment

A
  • self assessment

- colour plates, schematic illustrations, description

32
Q

Who developoed the secondary sex characteristic assessment criteria?

A

Tanner

33
Q

What stage?

  • Prepubertal state
  • B1, G1, PH1 - absence of any development
A

Stage 1

34
Q

What stage?

  • inital, overt development of characteristics
  • breast elevation, genital enlargment, pubic hair
A

Stage 2 (early puberty)

35
Q

What stage?

- continued maturation of B, G, PH

A

Stage 3 & 4 (midpuberty)

36
Q

What stage?

- adult/mature state of B, G, PH

A

Stage 5

37
Q

What stage?

  • PH only
  • expansion of pubic hair upward (males) 80% laterally (females) 10%
A

Stage 6

38
Q

What are females most often first overt sign of puberty?

A

B2 (PH1, B2)

39
Q

What are males most often first overt sign of puberty?

A

G2 (PH1, G2)

40
Q

Testicular size assessment

A

Prader Orchidometer-testes volume

41
Q

Girls somatic maturity take off age

A

9-10 years

42
Q

Girls PHV age

A

12 years

43
Q

When do girls stop growing?

A

16 (average)

44
Q

Boys somatic maturity take off age

A

10-11 years

45
Q

Boys PHV age

A

14 years

46
Q

When do boys stop growing?

A

18 (average)

47
Q

Midgrowth spurt

A

age 6.5 to 8.5

Growth & Maturation (5 decks)

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