Section 6 Flashcards
Maturation is a…
process (different timing and tempo)
Maturity is a…
state (level of maturity)
True or false:
tempo does not always follow chronological age
true
What are the common indicators of maturity?
Skeletal, Sexual, Somatic Maturation
What is dental maturation?
eruption and calcification of teeth (proceeds independently)
What type of maturation is not related to other indicators?
neuromuscular maturation (independent walking/nerve conduction velocity)
True or false:
Indicators MUST occur in all individuals as they progress to the adult state
true
Measures to assess maturity based on biological system in question/under study
maturity indicators
What is the best method to assess biological maturity?
skeletal maturity
Skeletal maturity
cartilage skeleton———–> bone skeleton
How many bones does a newborn have in its wrist and hand?
21 (wrist bones are cartilage)
How many bones does a 6-year-old have in its wrist and hand?
49 (ossified cartilage)
How many bones does a young adult have in its wrist and hand?
31 bones
Long bones
contain the diaphysis (shaft) and epiphysis (head)
How do long bones grow?
In length (between diaphysis and epiphysis)
Round bones
- contain the carpal bones (irregular shape)
- centre of ossification
How do round bones grow?
grow from centre outward
What are the 3 maturity indicators of bone?
- Initial appearance of bone (replaced by cartilage)
- Gradual shape differentiation (enlargement of carpal bones)
- Adult state (union + fusion of epiphysis/diaphysis)
Greulich-Pyle assessment method
- 30 bones
- atlas/inspectional method
- matching hand/wrist X-ray to atlas
- determines median SA
Tanner Whitehouse assessment method
- 20 bones
- bone specific
- compare x-ray to written criteria (score 0-1000)
Fels assessment method
- 20 bones
- graded indicators for each bone
What is the difference between SA and CA?
skeletal maturity is advanced by 1.8 years
Relative SA
SA/CA = 1.17
Advanced SA
Ratio greater than 1.0
Delayed SA
ration less than 1.0
Production of mature ovum, ability to achieve term pregnancy, viable offspring
female sexual maturity
production of mature sperm capable of fertilizing an ovum
male sexual maturity
Transition between childhood/adulthood
- apprearance of secondary sex characteristics
- maturation of the reproductive system
- adolescent growth spurt
puberty
Secondary sex characteristics
pubic hair, breast development/menarche, penis/testes development
Secondary sex characteristic assessment
- non-technical
- relatively inexpensive
- can be done at any time
- reasonably reliable
- self-assessment
Non clinical secondary sex characteristic assessment
- self assessment
- colour plates, schematic illustrations, description
Who developoed the secondary sex characteristic assessment criteria?
Tanner
What stage?
- Prepubertal state
- B1, G1, PH1 - absence of any development
Stage 1
What stage?
- inital, overt development of characteristics
- breast elevation, genital enlargment, pubic hair
Stage 2 (early puberty)
What stage?
- continued maturation of B, G, PH
Stage 3 & 4 (midpuberty)
What stage?
- adult/mature state of B, G, PH
Stage 5
What stage?
- PH only
- expansion of pubic hair upward (males) 80% laterally (females) 10%
Stage 6
What are females most often first overt sign of puberty?
B2 (PH1, B2)
What are males most often first overt sign of puberty?
G2 (PH1, G2)
Testicular size assessment
Prader Orchidometer-testes volume
Girls somatic maturity take off age
9-10 years
Girls PHV age
12 years
When do girls stop growing?
16 (average)
Boys somatic maturity take off age
10-11 years
Boys PHV age
14 years
When do boys stop growing?
18 (average)
Midgrowth spurt
age 6.5 to 8.5
