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Growth & Maturation > Section 7 > Flashcards

Section 7 Flashcards

1
Q

When are the fundamental motor skills developed?

A

in preschool years

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2
Q

When are the basic motor skills developed?

A

by age 6-7

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3
Q

‘Mature’ skill development

A

basic movement —–> complex motor skills

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4
Q

Fitness assessment

A

combination of motor tasks

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5
Q

State/condition that allows us to carry out daily activities without undue fatigue with ‘reserve’ to enjoy active leisure activity

A

Physical fitness

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6
Q

3 basic components of physical fitness

A
  1. muscular strength/endurance
  2. cardiorespiratory endurance
  3. motor ability
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7
Q

muscular strength/endurance

A

ability to express force and force/time

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8
Q

cardiorespiratory endurance

A

delivery/removal system - prolonged activity

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9
Q

motor ability

A

task-specific performance (speed, agility)

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10
Q

1950’s fitness assessment

A

performance-related focus

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11
Q 
1950's standardized motor tasks:
speed = ...
... = shuttle run
power = ...
upper body strength = ....
... = sit ups
... = ball throw
cardiovascular endurance = ...
A
  1. 50 yard dash
  2. agility
  3. standing long jump
  4. pull up
  5. abdominal strength
  6. power/coordination
  7. 600-yard run
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12
Q

Fitness assessment focused on health-related fitness

A

late 1970’s/early 1980’s

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13
Q

1994 (Bouchard and Shephard) fitness assessment

A

physical + physiological fitness

  • morphological (form and structure) - BMI/BMD
  • muscular
  • motor
  • cardiovascular
  • metabolic (blood pressure, lipids)
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14
Q

Is there a low relationship between physical activity and fitness?

A

yes

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15
Q

Types of strength

A
  • static/isometric
  • explosive strength/power
  • dynamic
  • muscular endurance
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16
Q

Static/isometric strength

A

grip strength, pull/push, knee/elbow

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17
Q

Explosive strength/power

A

maximal force/shortest time - jumping

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18
Q

Repetitive contraction - pull/push-ups

A

Dynamic strength

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19
Q

flex-arm hand, sit-up/time

A

muscular endurance

20
Q

How to test muscular power and motor coordination

A

jumping and throwing

21
Q

How to test speed and agility

A

running

22
Q

How to test motor performance - static/dynamic

A

balance

23
Q

How to test range of motion across joints

A

flexibility (sit+reach)

24
Q

What is the most common measure in early childhood performance?

A

grip strength

25
Q

Agility, jumping, speed, catch/throw gradual_________ to age __

A

increase, 6

26
Q

Boys >______

A

power/speed

27
Q

Girls>________

A

balance/flexibility

28
Q

Ages 5-8
speed/shuttle run - ___________
jump/throw/strength - ___________
muscular endurance (flexed arm) - ______>_______

A
  1. considerable increase (both ages)
  2. gradual increase
  3. boy>girls
29
Q

Middle childhood/adolescent performance

A
  • average performance in girls linear increase

- girls within 1 SD below boys

30
Q

Strength linear increases to ages_______

A

14/15

31
Q

Static strength

A
  • linear increase boys to 13-14, girls to 16-17

- girls less intense spurt

32
Q

How to measure muscle dynamics - force production

A

EMG and torque

33
Q

After age 11, boys 70 to ______% increase

A

100

34
Q

After age 11, girls ___ to 60% increase

A

50

35
Q

Eccentric >/< concentric strength

A

Eccentric > concentric

36
Q

Muscle endurance (flexed arm hang)

A

Girls - linear increase 5- 17

Boys - linear increase 5 - 13/14, adolescent spurt

37
Q

Abdominal strength/endurance

A

Girls - linear increase to age 14, plateau

Boys - linear increase to age 13, acceleration in adolescence

38
Q

Jumping

A
  • linear increase (both gender) to 14

- boys have adolescent spurt

39
Q

Throwing

A

Girls - linear increase, adolescent plateau

Boys - linear increase, adolescent spurt

40
Q

Running speed

A
  • dramatic speed increase (age 5-8; both genders)
    Boys - increase 5 to 18, slight adolescent spurt
    Girls - increase 5 to 13/14, plateau
41
Q

Running agility

A

Girls - continuous increase 8 - 13/14, plateau

Boys - continuous increase 8 - 18, slight acceleration after 13

42
Q

Flexibility

A

Girls - more flexible, stable ages 5 to 11, dramatic adolescent spurt (increase due to increase in sitting height and lone bones (arm))

Boys - decline 5-12, linear increase to 18 (nadir- coincident with lower leg growth spurt)

43
Q

Flexibility gender difference

A

due to lower extremity/trunk growth timing and anatomical/functional joint differences

44
Q

Balance

A

no dramatic gender difference

45
Q

Girls, lots of variation in…..

A

flexed arm hang, sit and reach

Growth & Maturation (5 decks)

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