Section 4 - Vitmains, Minerals, Other Feed Additives Flashcards
Define Vitamins
ORGANIC elements essential for normal metabolic function
Define Minerals
INORGANIC elements essential for normal metabolic function
How are vitamins consumed and can they be synthesized?
MOST vitamins must be consumed in the diet. SOME can be synthesized by the body if precursors are fed.
How are mineral consumed and can they be synthesized?
ALL minerals must be consumed in the diet. NONE can be synthesized by the body
How are vitamins categorized?
By Method of Absorption
1) Fat Soluble - absorbed as micelles into enterocytes and as part of chylomicrons from enterocytes into lymphatic system
2) water soluble - absorbed through paracellular transport
How are minerals categorized?
By Magnitude of Diet Addition
1) macro mineral: requirements expressed as % of the diet
2) micro minerals (trace mineral): requirements are expressed as parts per million (ppm) of the diet
Which are fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A D E and K
Which are water soluble vitamins?
Vitamins B and C
List the names of B vitamins
Biotin
Choline
Folacin
Niacin
Pantothenic acid
Riboflavin
Thiamin
Pyridoxine
Do ruminant and non ruminant animals require vitamins B?
Non-ruminant: B vitamins are required
Ruminants: meet most vitamin B requirements through microbial activities in the gut
What decreases the potency and stability of vitamins?
Storage (lose 3-50% or 5-10% avg. each month)
Sunlight
Humidity
Exposure to trace minerals
Thermal processing of diets
What is the effective shelf life of most vitamin complexes?
Less than 60 days
Calcium sources
-other feedstuffs especially forages
-calcium carbonate (from limestone, oyster shells (marl), egg shells)
-bonemeal
-calcium phosphate
Phosphorus sources
-other feedstuffs especially grains
-ammonium phosphate
-bonemeal
-calcium phosphate (mono calcium phosphates, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate)
What enzyme can be added to monastic diets to increase P digestion?
Phytase
