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Principles Of Feeding (ASI 220) > Section 1 - Intro. To Feedstuffs > Flashcards

Section 1 - Intro. To Feedstuffs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 considerations for feed selection?

A

1) Determine goals of animal and daily feed intake.
2) Identify nutrient requirements
3) Select ingredients to help meet goals

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2
Q

Define “Animal Response”

A

Is the specific thing (quality) about an animal that we are trying to adjust through nutrients.

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3
Q

Define “Margin of Safety”

A

Does not harm the animal but likely harms environment, profitability. If it becomes too wide it can harm the animal and affect profitably

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4
Q

What are the nutrient goals in COMPANIONSHIP animals?

A

-maximize lifespan
-improve quality of life of pet or owner
-prevent long-term diseases, such as diabetes.
-very stable requirements once at maturity.

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5
Q

What are the nutrient goals in PRODUCTION animals?

A

-maximize profit by optimizing production efficiency.
-Avoid over-feeding nutrients
-improve quality of the animal product.
-nutrient requirements are constantly changing.

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6
Q

What are the nutrient goals for PERFORMANCE animals?

A

-maximize productive lifespan
-optimize bone and joint health
-once at maturity, very stable requirements

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7
Q

What is an animals response impacted by?

A

1) the animals dry matter intake of a nutrient.
2) the feedstuffs physical and chemical characteristics
3) the animals genetic potential

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8
Q

When it comes to dry matter intake, which is better? (Low, moderate, or high?)

A

Moderate

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9
Q

Define “limit fed”

A

Impacted by amount a human provides it each day

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10
Q

Define “Fed Ad libitum”

A

Means it is fed “at its will.” Impacted by the animals GI capacity vs. the volume of feedstuffs

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11
Q

How much per body weight can HORSES eat?

A

1.5% of BW

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12
Q

How much per body weight can CATTLE eat?

A

2-3% of BW

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13
Q

How much per body weight can SHEEP & GOATS eat?

A

3-4% of BW

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14
Q

How much digestive capacity do horses have?

A

8%

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15
Q

How much digestive capacity do sheep have?

A

57%

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16
Q

How much digestive capacity do pigs have?

A

29%

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17
Q

Define “Dry Matter Intake (DMI)”

A

The quantity of feed an animal consumes daily, EXCLUDING water

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18
Q

What is the equation for DMI?

A

Animal daily feed intake (ADFI) X dry matter of the feed = DMI

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19
Q

What are 2 feedstuff characteristics?

A

1) composition of nutrients (moisture, starch, fiber, amino acids, etc.)
2) Digestibility by different species

20
Q

2 characteristics of genetic potential?

A

1) Quantity of nutrient needed for maintenance
2) genetic potential for deposition of muscle vs. adipose tissue

21
Q

What 2 things should we think about when identifying nutrient requirements?

A

1) required nutrients for maintenance vs. production
2) genetic potential

22
Q

What 3 things should we think about when selecting ingredients to help meet goals?

A

1) practicality and availability
2) least cost of providing required nutrients
3) impact on marketable factors of health

23
Q

What are the 6 essential nutrients for all animals?

A

1) water
2) carbohydrates
3) Fat
4) Proteins (or amino acids)
5) Vitamins
6) Minerals

24
Q

Which 4 out of the 6 essential nutrients have specific requirements?

A

1) Water
2) Proteins (or amino acids)
3) Vitamins
4) Minerals

25
Q

Which 3 out of the 6 essential nutrients collectively fulfill the energy requirements?

A

1) Carbohydrates
2) Proteins
3) Fats

26
Q

What is the equation for net energy intake?

A

NEintake = NE(m) + NE(p)

27
Q

How do we know what nutrient level is required?

A

The National Research Council (NRC) summarizes animal nutrient requirements every 10 years.

28
Q

What are the 5 categories of feedstuff added for “energy”?

A

1) Grains
2) Grain Co-Products
3) Fats and Oils
4) Other co-products
5) Forages

29
Q

What are 3 practical and affordable ingredient additives?

A

Hay
Oats
Corn

30
Q

What are 3 categories of feedstuff added for “protein”?

A

1) Vegetable-Based Proteins
2) Animal-Based Proteins
3) N or AA additives

31
Q

What are the 5 feedstuffs added for “minerals and vitamins”?

A

1) Calcium Sources
2) Calcium and Phosphorus Sources
3) Sodium Sources
4) Micro-mineral Sources
5) Vitamins Sources

32
Q

Moisture content is an important determinant of what?

A

1) market value
2) storage characteristics
3) nutritional density
Of feedstuffs

33
Q

What can happen if there is too much moisture in the feedstuffs?

A

1) increase mold and microbe growth
2) produce mycotoxins
3) cause overheating and possible spontaneous combustion

34
Q

What type of nutritional impacts does moisture have?

A

1) moisture DILUTES other key nutrients such as protein, fats, carbs, vitamins, minerals.
2) if moisture level is >20% it must be accurately accounted for in formulating diets.
3) may impact transportation and storage costs.

35
Q

What is “As-Fed (AF)”?

A

-nutrient composition in form that is fed to the animal
-INCLUDES water or moisture that is part of ingredient or feed

36
Q

What is “Dry Matter(DM)”?

A

-nutrient content in for AFTER moisture is removed
-Consider when using high moisture ingredients (>20%)

37
Q

What is the equation to find the Dry Matter percentage?

A

[(as fed wt. - dried wt) / as fed wt.] x 100

38
Q

How many pounds is 1kg?

A

2.2 lbs

39
Q

How many kilograms is 1 metric tons?

A

1,000 kg = 1 MT

40
Q

What is the bushel weight of “oats” in pounds?

A

32 lbs.

41
Q

What is the bushel weight of “whole shell corn” in pounds?

A

56 lbs.

42
Q

What is the bushel weight of “grain sorghum (milo)” in pounds?

A

56 lbs.

43
Q

What is the bushel weight of “wheat” in pounds?

A

60 lbs.

44
Q

What is the bushel weight of “whole soybeans” in pounds?

A

60 lbs.

45
Q

What are energy values of feedstuff impacted by?

A

-nutrient composition
-nutrient digestibility
-ingredient quality
-processing

46
Q

What must be considered when comparing energy values of ingredients?

A

-current market price
-unit that the price is expressed.
-relative value of the ingredients given its nutrient inclusion

Principles Of Feeding (ASI 220) (5 decks)

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