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Principles Of Feeding (ASI 220) > Section 2 - Energy Feedstuffs > Flashcards

Section 2 - Energy Feedstuffs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 productive uses of energy in beef cattle?

A

1) maintenance
2) growth
3) Gestation
4) Lactation

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2
Q

Energy for “maintenance” is impacted by:

A

-body weight
-age
-stage of production
-environment

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3
Q

Energy for “growth” is impacted by:

A

-Body weight
-genetic potential
-target ADG, DMI, and/or feed efficiency

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4
Q

Energy for “gestation” is impacted by:

A
  • energy used for production for fetus, placenta, uterus, and mammary tissue
    -energy used for the formation of maternal lipid and protein tissues
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5
Q

Energy for “lactation” is impacted by:

A

-energy used for milk production
-addition energy reserves used from protein and lipid tissue catabolism.

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6
Q

What falls under the “grain” category for feedstuff added for energy?

A

-corn
-sorghum (milo)
-wheat
-oats
-barley

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7
Q

In what form do plants store energy?

A

Starch

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8
Q

Where do plants store their starch?

A

In fruit seeds or leaves/stalk

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9
Q

How digestible are plant seeds?

A

highly

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10
Q

How digestible are plant leaves/stalks?

A

Poor

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11
Q

What is the primary source of energy in animal feed?

A

Grains

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12
Q

What is the gold standard of energy sources in the U.S.?

A

Corn

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13
Q

What are some nutrients facts of grains?

A

-abundant energy
-low fiber
-low crude protein
-low protein quality
-Low calcium

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14
Q

What is “caryopsis”?

A

One-seeded fruit (cereal grain)

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15
Q

What is the composition of a corn kernel?

A

-Germ 11% (center holds all fat)
-Endosperm 83% ( top of kernel used for flour)
-Bran/pericarp/seed coat 6% (outside of kernel hold fiber fraction)
-Hull or husk
- tip cap

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16
Q

What are some nutrients facts about corn?

A

-high starch
-low fiber
-low protein (should supplement with additives)
- poor AA
-low in lysine
-prone to mycotoxins

17
Q

What are the pros and cons of Grain Sorghum (Milo)?

A

Pros:
- require less than water than corn so good for dry seasons.
-fewer mycotoxin issues than corn

Cons:
-contained bitter tannins
-not as digestible as corn
-more expensive

18
Q

What are the pros and cons of wheat?

A

Pros:
- greater lysine and phosphorus content than corn
-widely grown in US

Cons:
-too expensive to feed d/t human consumption
-Bugs like to burrow and eat it

19
Q

What are pros and cons of corn?

A

Pros:
-greater fiber than corn
-more protein than most grains
-high pre-fecal starch digestibility

Cons:
-less energy than corn

20
Q

What grain is mostly used for horses?

A

Oats.
Because of high pre-fecal starch digestibility, safer.

21
Q

What are oat groats?

A

Oats with the hull removed (mainly used for humans).
-good for non-ruminant
-cost-prohibitive

22
Q

Which grain is highly used in show lamb diets?

A

Barley

23
Q

What are some nutrient facts about barley?

A

-more fiber and less energy than corn
-limited use in swine d/t high fuber
-expensive d/t use in beer

24
Q

What are some sources of fats and oils?

A

-beef tallow
-choice white grease (pork)
-yellow grease (poultry)
-animal-vegetable blend
-used cooking oil
-soy oil
-corn oil

25
Q

What are properties of fats and oil?

A

-insoluble in water
-saturated or unsaturated
-long or short chain

26
Q

What are functions of fats and oil?

A

-Energy storage (2,25x CHO)
-insulation
-protection

27
Q

What level of unsaturated fat does “tallow” have? And what animals is it used in?

A

Low.
Cattle, dog, cat diets.

28
Q

What level of unsaturated fat is “choice white grease”? And what animals is it used for?

A

Moderate.
Swine diets

29
Q

What level of unsaturated fat is “yellow grease”? And what animals is it used for?

A

High.
Poultry diets.

30
Q

What level of unsaturated fat is “vegetable fats”? And what animals is it used for?

A

High.
Poultry and horse diets

31
Q

How much fat and oil is commonly added to feed to reduce dust?

A

1%

32
Q

How much of fat and oil is added based on cost of energy?

A

5%

33
Q

What are some examples of grain co-products?

A

-screenings
-corn co-products
-wheat co-products

34
Q

What is screening?

A

Product removed when grain is cleaned by screening prior to storage.
Often contains broken kernels, stalks, leaves, foreign material.

35
Q

What are 2 corn by-products?

A

Wet milling and dry milling

Principles Of Feeding (ASI 220) (5 decks)

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