Section 4

Question 1

__________ is the study of the meaning of a word or the interpretation of a written or spoken sentence or statement.

Answer 1

Semantics

Question 2

____________ is a way of writing a computer algorithm in readable form, which can then be used as a basis to write an actual computer program.

Answer 2

pseudocode

Question 3

___________ is the act of creating and writing a computer program to perform a particular task, such as generating and printing payroll checks.

Answer 3

programming

Question 4

Programming _____ involves human thinking to give correct and valid mathematical reasons (logic) in a step-by-step manner when writing a computer program that will perform a particular task or solve a particular problem.

Answer 4

logic

Question 5

_________ programming logic is a set of statements that is executed only once.

Answer 5

Sequential

Question 6

In _______ Programming logic, the same sets of statements are repeated a certain number of times.

Answer 6

Looping

Question 7

_________ Programming logic, also known as selective programming logic, selects one choice from a number of different operations that can be performed based on the outcome of some test condition applied to a variable such as a test score (ex. assign an A if test score is >= 90.

Answer 7

Decision

Question 8

_____-______ Programming is a signal to a program that something has happened or occurred and the program must perform some operation to deal with the occurrence of that event.

Answer 8

event driven

Question 9

_____-______ __________ (OOP) perceives everything as an object, where it has unique identity, displays some state, and exhibits some behavior. It’s an approach to program design in which a program consists of a collection of objects that contain data and methods to be used with that data.

Answer 9

Object-Oriented Programming

Question 10

____ ____ specifies the kind of value that can be stored in each column of a database table and the types of operations that can be performed on those values.

Answer 10

data type

Question 11

4 basic data types:

Answer 11

number, character, data and time, and Boolean

Question 12

Animated images are ___ files in computers.

Answer 12

GIF

Question 13

_____________ Data Type allows users to define the data type along with a list of acceptable values. ex. Months [Jan, Feb, Mar…]

Answer 13

Enumerated

Question 14

____ structure is a scheme to structure data so that data of varied types can be entered, stored, sorted, retrieved, and manipulated by a computer program efficiently.

Answer 14

Data

Question 15

In OOP, ______ ___ ___ (ADT) is used to create user-defined data type by collecting a number of data fields of built-in data types of programming language and methods to perform operations on those data fields as one unit.

Answer 15

Abstract Data Type

Question 16

______ Files are unformatted file stores and are not able to edited with a word-processing program.

Answer 16

Binary

Question 17

____ Files are formatted files that store formatted data in ASCII code and have the “.txt” extension, it can be read by any program that reads text.

Answer 17

Text

Question 18

____ files store data that is read and processed by a program file.

Answer 18

data

Question 19

Text files are ________ access files as the data stored in them has to be read sequentially.

Answer 19

sequential

Question 20

Files stored in a storage medium such as a hard disk, are called ______ ______ files.

Answer 20

random access

Question 21

_______ files store data in two discrete states: On (1) and Off (0). Off (0) indicates an absence of an electronic charge.

Answer 21

Digital

Question 22

_____ files provide sound when you listen to downloaded MP3 files or live broadcasts through Internet radio.

Answer 22

Audio

Question 23

_____ files are video clips displayed on a computer when it is connected to the website of a particular company.

Answer 23

video

Question 24

Every file stored is given a name according to ____-_______ convention.

Answer 24

file-naming

Question 25

A file _________ is a description of the way in which data is stored in a file; a computerized filing system.

Answer 25

structure

Question 26

Every hard disk has a ____ directory, and user created _________ of file folders.

Answer 26

root; hierarchy

Question 27

In the _____________ file structure, the folders are arranged in a scheme that resembles a family tree with folders related to one another, from top to bottom, where the file at the bottom stores the actual data or information. Every child folder can have one and ONLY one parent folder.

Answer 27

hierarchical

Question 28

In ______ file structure, the records are arranged in groups, and each group known as a set. A particular file at one level can have MORE than one parent file.

Answer 28

Network

Question 29

____________ File Structure is a structure in which the data in a file is accessed and processed in a serial manner from beginning to end, in the order that the data was written during the creation of the file.

Answer 29

Sequential

Question 30

In a ________ scheme, storage is divided into a number of partitions, known as buckets, where each bucket can store a number of records. Using an algorithm, a hash function converts the key value of each record into a bucket number and then stores that record in the calculated bucket number. To access a record , the key value is converted to a bucket number, and then contents of the calculated bucket number are retrieved in order to search for the desired record.

Answer 30

hash

Question 31

a one-dimensional array data structure is simply a ____.

Answer 31

list or homogenous array of the same type of data. ex. cities, employees, books, etc.

Question 32

A collection of items of different data types is knows as ______________ array, which is best handled as ADT's (classes).

Answer 32

heterogeneous

Question 33

A homogenous ___-____________ array is a collection of data items of the same data type that are stored in a rows and column format.

Answer 33

two-dimensional

Question 34

A _____ is a data structure un which the data items are removed from the top of a list and inserted only at the top of a list. Uses Last In, First Out concept.

Answer 34

stack

Question 35

A _____ is a data structure in which new data items are added at the end of the list while other items are removed from the beginning of the list, singing First in, first out concept. The front is the head and the end is the tail.

Answer 35

queue

Question 36

A ____ is a data structure in which data items are stored in the form of hierarchical org chart and has terms such as node, root node, parent node, child node, siblings, leaf node...

Answer 36

Tree

Question 37

In a ______ tree, a parent node cannot have more than two child nodes.

Answer 37

binary

Question 38

A _______ list is a data structure that, when storing records or data items, uses an additional field (known as a pointer) in record to store the link to the next data item or record in the list. Each data item in the list is a node.

Answer 38

linked

Question 39

A ________ is an added data field in a record that points to the location fo the next record in the list.

Answer 39

pointer

Question 40

The ____ points to the first data item in list and ____ indicates the end of the data items in a list

Answer 40

head, tail

Question 41

______ linked list - is when each data item points to the next data item in the list without pointing backward.

Answer 41

Singly

Question 42

______ linked list is a list where each data item has one backwards pointer to point to the previous data item and one forward winter to point to the next data item int he list.

Answer 42

doubly

Question 43

A __________ __________ _______ is a program that allows the user to create, maintain, and access a computerized database structure, while doing operations such as inserting, editing, and deleting data or records; querying data; sorting records; and creating forms and reports from the records stored in the database.

Answer 43

Database Management System (DBMS)

Question 44

_____ ___________ is the technique used to manage data that is stored in a computer's memory as a resource for an organization. The objective is to make quality business decision.

Answer 44

data management

Question 45

____ ________ is the process of going through various files of a database and reading each record in a file to search for a particular kind of information.

Answer 45

data browsing

Question 46

____ ___________ is the technique used to create a database structure that allows data to be collected at its point of origin; organizes that data in a manner that stores it efficiently and with easy accessibility to make business decisions and produce reports; and allows data to be manipulated.

Answer 46

data modeling

Question 47

A _________ is a collection of tables (entities), where each entity is an object and the data about each entity is collected and stored as attributes (columns in table). Then, relationships are created between the tables to access data stored in two or more tables in a single SQL statement for making business decisions.

Answer 47

database

Question 48

_____ __________ is a technology that allows information or data to be kept accurate and up-to-date.

Answer 48

data maintenance

Question 49

__________ ______________ is an important part of data management in an organization and is performed by a database administrator (DBA).

Answer 49

database administration

Question 50

____ ________ means that data should be available when needed and it should be current, accurate, and complete.

Answer 50

data integrity

Question 51

____ _________ means that data must be protected against unauthorized access and modification. All the users of database are given a user id and password for control unauthorized access to the database.

Answer 51

data security

Question 52

____ _________ means that an individual or an organization determines who can see their data, what part of the data can be seen, how the data will be used, and where the data will be used.

Answer 52

data privacy

Question 53

____ _______ is an automatic process that searches and analyzes data stored in a database from different angles and converts it into useful information. It uncovers flaws, problems, and opportunities that may exist in stored data that the end user is not aware of such as finding problems in the relationships of tables.

Answer 53

data mining

Question 54

___ _________ is a place where data that has been collected from various databases is housed.

Answer 54

data warehouse

Question 55

Data can be stored in a centralized data warehouse or a ______________ data warehouse where it stores data in regionally based warehouses.

Answer 55

decentralized

Question 56

Data stored in a data warehouse is ______ removed.

Answer 56

never

Question 57

A ____ _____ is a mall sub-set of a data warehouse that is subject oriented and ism usually used by a particular group of people.

Answer 57

data mart

Question 58

__________ is the storage of information that provides a detailed explanation of the characteristics of the data and the set of relationships between data stored inside the database.

Answer 58

Metadata

Question 59

____ ___________ means that stored data has been damaged and is unreadable.

Answer 59

data corruption

Question 60

___ ___ means that data that was input and is stored on a storage medium can no longer be retrieved. It can be caused by human error, natural disasters, or b/c of hardware failures and file corruption.

Answer 60

data loss

Question 61

An ______ is an arrangement to sort or arrange data used to access the records in a data file (table).

Answer 61

index

Question 62

An ______ ___ is a sorted data field in a table that is used to access data in a data file.

Answer 62

index key

Question 63

A ______ _____ is an index key that points to a unique row in a data file.

Answer 63

unique index

Question 64

A ___________ data model is organized in a tree-like structure, showing parent-child relationships.

Answer 64

hierarchical

Question 65

In a _______ data model, the database can be seen as a group of records that are joined in a 1:M and one record can have more than one parent. It's different from a hierarchical data model b/c one child can have more than one parent.

Answer 65

network

Question 66

In a ____________ __________ ______ (RDBMS) the data is stored in tables, in which the table is a matrix made up of M number of columns (attributes) and N number of rows (records). The values that can be assigned to an attribute must be selected from a set or range of values that the column can take. The set of values is known as the domain.

Answer 66

Relational Database Model System

Question 67

A _________ ______ ________ (SQL), the standard query language for relational databases, is used to create a database structure; to insert, update, delete, and organize data in relations (tables); and to provide data security by giving access rights to insert, view, and manipulate data in a database.

Answer 67

Structured Query Language

Question 68

In an _______-_________ __________ ______ (OODBMS, the data is stored in the from of objects and uses OOP logic; where each object contains data about objects in the form of attributes (fields). Objects that have the same attributes are grouped together and stores as classes containing the attributes of objects and methods to perform operations on those objects.

Answer 68

object-oriented database model system

Question 69

A _____________ database can store text, numbers, pictures, sound, movies, and hyperlinked data fields.

Answer 69

multimedia database

Question 70

A _______ database uses a combination of the database models.

Answer 70

hybrid

Question 71

An _______ _______________ model (ERM) is described through entities having relationships between them. It uses "connectivity" to describe the type (1:1, 1:M, M:N) of relationship, and "cardinalities" to show lower and upper limits of the type of relationship.

Answer 71

entity relationship model

Question 72

A DBMS must ensure that data redundancy is ________.

Answer 72

minimal

Question 73

In _____ processing, data processing is done on the bulk of the data at the end of certain time period.

Answer 73

batch

Question 74

when a customer makes a purchase online, e-commerce, the transaction is known as ______ ____________ __________ (OLTP).

Answer 74

Online Transaction Processing

Question 75

A traditional database is organized in a hierarchical relationship in what order? entities, bit, record, character, field database and file

Answer 75

bit, character, entities, field, record, file and database

Question 76

A _________ is the smallest unit of meaningful information, each occupies 1 byte of space in memory.

Answer 76

character

Question 77

An _______ is a noun, something we are collecting data or information on.

Answer 77

entity

Question 78

A _____ is the smallest piece of data that a database user can read from a database table. It requires 4 attributes to be specified; Name/Title, Data type such as number, date/time, length to specify the max number of characters that can be used, and the format of the values such as DOB or SSN format.

Answer 78

field

Question 79

A ______ is a group of related fields used to completely describe one instance of an entity. It's also known as row.

Answer 79

record

Question 80

A ____ is a collection of identical types of records, it's also known as a relation or table.

Answer 80

file

Question 81

Oracle SQL uses the ______ command to create a table in a database.

Answer 81

CREATE

Question 82

When entering data in a PK field, the particular row must be _______ and must not be blank.

Answer 82

unique

Question 83

SQL uses ____ ______________ ________(DML) commands to query and manipulate (maintain) data inside a database by performing the following operations in a database; insert records, query (retrieve) tables, delete records, update (edit) records.

Answer 83

Data Manipulation Language

Question 84

INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, SELECT, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK are all ___ data manipulation commands.

Answer 84

SQL