Section 2 Flashcards
_______ is a computer program that has a sequence of precise instructions given to a computer hardware to perform a specific task as well as the correct way to perform it.
software
____________ is the act of creating and writing a computer program.
Programming
____________ ________ is a sequence of instructions used to create a program in a selected language, which is used to communicate with a computer’s hardware.
programming language
The ______ is the rules that need to be followed to when using programming language.
syntax
________ system architecture provides functions such as starting a computer, file management, hardware device management, security management, jobs scheduling, processor management, performance management, and memory management.
Desktop
Computers are only capable of understanding ________ language.
machine
Computer programming languages are classified as low-level languages or high-level languages. Machine and assembly language is considered ___-_____ language and are closer to computer hardware, using binary digits. C++, Java are examples of ____-____ languages and are similar to human language.
low-level; high-level
A compiler is a program that reads the entire _____ ____ of a high-level language and translates it into machine language before any instruction is executed.
source code.
________ language is a low-level programming language that uses a set of symbols or abbreviations, knows as mnemonics, to represent machine language instructions.
Assembly
An _________ is a utility program that translates the assembly language instructions into machine language instructions, one instruction at a time.
assembler
An __________ is a sequence of instructions written in a natural human language that precisely specifies what a computer program must do in order to complete a specific task. Once perfected, it is used to write the source code of a program.
algorithm
Steps to solve a specific problem using a computer programming language. (7)
- Identify the problem to be solved and write its complete description.
- Write the algorithm for the stated problem
- Coding - converting the algorithm into source code.
- Save the source code to secondary storage
- Compile and debug the source code (fixing source code errors)
- Execute the source code
- Documentation - write all the details of the programming project
______ _________ consists of a group of programs required to control all the operations that take place in a computer. It manages all hardware components, other software categories installed in the system, and the users who are using the hardware and software in the computer system. Two types are operating system and utility programs.
system software
The __________ ______ software is the very first software installed on the hard disk of all computer systems and stays even when turned off. It’s the first software loaded into the RAM of a computer system when turned on.
Operating System
A ____ driven interface allows a user to select a choice from a menu.
menu
_______ -driven interface is used in older computers with MSDOS and uses commands.
Command
In a _________ ____ interface, the user clicks on an icon that represents a particular operation.
graphical user interface (GUI)
Using _____ buttons and _____ boxes are used to perform certain operations that may appear in dialogue boxes.
option; check
_______ _________ perform routine maintenance-type taks that are usually related to managing computer hardware devices and software programs.
utility programs
The ________ part of the operating system is a memory resident program that stays in the RAM while the computer is on, handling tasks such as file management, peripheral device management, processor management, security and memory management, allocating computer resources, and maintenance of the computer’s clock.
Kernal - think of this as a building supervisor who lives in a building and is responsible for maintenance.
Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, Macintosh, Linux, UNIX, and OS for mobile devices are type of _______ _____.
operating systems
_______ is a free and open-source operating system based on the UNIX OS. It is mainly used on services.
Linux
Just like a computer needs an operating system, a computer network must have a _______ _________ _____.
Network Operating System (NOS)
_______ ________ _____ is an OS that connects computers and devices to form a LAN, and is specifically designed to implement, manage, and maintain networks. It is stored on a server.
Network Operating System (NOS)
_____ is a multi-user and multitasking OS, mainly used with mainframes as a network operating system.
UNIX
_______________ is the capability to perform two or more tasks at the same time.
multi-tasking
________________ is the capability of working two CPU units at the same time and allocating tasks to each CPU.
multiprocessing
____________ software is a set of programs that allows users to perform specific tasks.
application
An office _____ is a bundle of programs that a computer user utilizes on a daily basis.
suite
A ____ __________ is a program used to manipulate a text document, such as a resume or a memo.
word processor
A ___________ is a computer program that simulates an accounting ledger book use to record finance-related transactions. it is a grid of rows and columns.
spreadsheet.
________ are used in spreadsheet to complete calculations
formulas
________ cell addressing is used when a group of cells will use the same logic in the formulas for calculations
relative
_________ cell addressing is used when a formula is copied from one cell into another cell and includes one cell that is fixed.
absolute
_________ presentation allows users to create their own slides or create slides using a template. They can include text, charts, photos, sounds, and graphic arts.
powerpoint.
A _________ package is an organized way to collect logically related records in files or tables, and then link those tables or files together in a manner that enables a database program to search for a desired piece of information. It’s an electronic filing system, and the information is all stored in a binary digit form.
database
A ________ ___ field in a database uniquely identifies a record in a table. Ex. student ID or SSN
Primary Key
A _______ ___ is a field or group of fields in one table that matches a field in another table, where it is a PK. It’s used to establish relationships between two tables.
Foreign Key
A __________ PK is formed when two or more keys in the same table uniquely identify a record in a table. ex. Student ID and Course ID in a schedule table.
Composite
Name the 3 types of relationships in a Database
- One to Many 1:M
- Many to many M:M
- One to One 1:1
When creating a table in a database, ______ _____ are created for fields, such as SSN, so that data can be entered in the table in the proper format (111-11-1111).
input masks
A web _________ is an application program that allows users to search, retrieve, and view the information stored on the webpages of various websites.
browser
Browser ___-___ are additional software installed on computing devices to provide additional capabilities and features to a Web browser, and include delivery of audio, video, and 3D animations on demand.
plug-ins
A _____ _______ is program that searches for a specific piece of information on computer networks or databases, and delivers all pieces of information that matched the specified keywords in the search criteria.
search engine
A ___ is a software application program that automatically searches for new websites on the Web and collects information about that website and also updates information in old websites.
Bot
An ________ organizes/sorts the information collected by Spider/Bot to make the search easier.
indexer
A ______ is a collection of physical elements and procedures, entities, or components (software and hardware) that are compatible with each other and function to support the objectives of the computer user and accomplish a goal.
system
An email message has two important parts:
Header = addresses of the sender and receiver, and optional subject. Body = contains the actual message sent
To send a message a computer must needs a modem, NIC, Web browser, an online connection and an ______ account with a service provider such as Gmail, or Yahoo.
_______ conferencing allow people in different locations to talk to each other, but cannot see each other.
audio
_____ conferencing allows people to see each other in real-time.
video
___ conferencing allows participants to attend meetings, take part in seminars, and demonstrate products and services. Participants can share applications and documents for viewing.
Web
A _________ is a conference between participants who are geographically dispersed or live in remote areas, and who communicate by telephone or network connection to exchange info.
teleconference
A ___________ _____ ___________ is a group of people working together to attain a common goal.
cooperative work environment (CWE)
A ________ __________ ____ __________ is a group of people in an office system working together to attain a common goal by using computer technology.
computer supported work environment (CSWE)
_____________ is a mathematical science that involves the collection, analysis, interpretation, forecasting, and presentation of data for decision making in organizations. It can be used to ________ future trends.
statistics; forecast
________ systems are specialized Decision Support Informations system software that collects and stores on a computer system the experiences and knowledge of human experts from various professional fields. The collected knowledge is then used to simulate human reasoning and decision making to help solve specific problems.
Expert
A ________ ________ ______ is an information system designed to facilitate the decision making process in business and organization operations. They can be used for bank loan approvals, forest management, clinic diagnosis, etc.
Decision Support System
________ data is the collection of information about earth such as oceans, rivers, roads, lands, parks and buildings.
Spatial
___________ _________ ______ GIS is a computerized system that collects, integrates, stores, interprets, manages, and displays data related to geographical location and a description of an object of interest.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
GIS uses vectors to express objects with ________, lines, and polygons.
points
___________ is the design and printing of maps, or visual representations of spatial data used in GIS.
Cartography
GIS uses ___-______ scheme to specify the location of an object by specifying X, Y, and Z coordinates, which represent the longitude, latitude, and elevation of the object.
geo-coding
The _______ __________ ________ (GPS) is a real-time location component that uses satellites to show your current position.
global positioning system
A __________ ___________ ______ is a computerized intelligence system that collects facts about a business, integrates stores, interprets, manages and generates information and uses it to make sound business decision. It monitors all the operations of a company intelligently.
Business Information System (BIS)
____________ _____ ___________ (EDI) is a set of rules that govern how electronic business is conducted over the network. It replaces the faxing and mailing of paper documents for ordering shipping, tracking, etc.
Electronic Data Interchange
An ________ is the internal network of a company that can be accessed only by the employees of the company.
Intranet
_________ are internal company intranets that allow limited access by outside individuals, such as customers or suppliers, to a certain portion of the intranet.
Extranets
EDI is conducted using a _____-______ network (VAN) and a virtual private network.
value-added
A _______ ________ ________ is a network in which some parts of the network use the Internet, but data is encrypted before it is sent on the Internet indicating that it is a private network.
virtual private network
___ standards for exchanging data are ANSI ASC X12 and UN/EDIFACT.
EDI
___ uses the following methodology; FTP, HTTP, Telnet, modems, and emails for the exchange of data.
EDI
An ________ information system is a single computing system that combines and coordinates all business operations of a company.
Enterprise
__________ processing Systems are an information system that collects and processes data based on day-to-day operations.
Transaction
__________ _________ _________ (ERP) software combines the software of all departments of an enterprise into a single, integrated program, enabling the storage of information in a centralized location to that it can be shared by all departments of an enterprise who are able to communicate with each other.
Enterprise Resource Planning
_________ ___________ __________ (CRM) manages al the information that a business has about its customers, including each customer’s purchasing history and preferred products.
customer relationship management
_____ _____ ___________ (SCM) is the management of all interconnected business that take part in providing end products or services to end users. It involves the acquisition of raw material, conversion to a finished product, transportation, storage, and supplying goods or services to the end user.
Supply Chain Management
A network ____ is an electronic device that is capable of sending, receiving, and forwarding data in a computer network using a communication medium. It’s where two networks intersect.
node.
A ________ is a group of two or more computers that are designed to send and receive information, and share hardware and software.
network
A _______ is an electronic document on the Web that stores graphic, text, sound, and video data. Similar to a textbook page. They can contain hyperlinks to other webpages on the same website or other websites.
webpage.
A _______ is a collection of webpages, similar to a textbook.
website
A _________ is a person who is responsible for managing a website.
webmaster
A __________ is a computer on the Internet that stores webpages belonging to the website of a particular organization. It delivers webpages to the client’s computer using HTTP protocol.
webserver
____ is a set of rules or protocols that all computers have to follow when communicating
HTTP
Every web server has a unique ________ _______ address that allows other computers connected to the Internet to locate it.
Internet Protocol (IP) address
A _________ link connects an HTML document with a multimedia file, that can contain text, graphics, sounds or video data.
hypermedia
Web ________, creates A-Z style indexes for individual websites or an Intranet.
indexing
______________ protocols are a set of rules that client and server computers need to follow when communicating with each other over a network or Internet in order to exchange data or a file.
Communication protocols
_____ ________ ________ (FTP) is a set of rules that allow files to be transferred from one computer to another. It uses a file server to upload and download files.
File Transfer Protocol
_________ _______ ________ (HTTP) transfers files from a web server to a user’s computer, which can then be viewed using a web browser.
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Collectively Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol is used to _____ a file from one end of a network to the other end, ensuring that the correct data arrives at the destination computer.
routes
TCP breaks down the message or file to be sent into individual units known as ________.
packets
______ ____ __________ _________ (SMTP) determines which path each email message will follow before it is sent.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
________ ______ _____ _______ (IMAP) is the protocol used to access and email message from an email server to view it.
Internet Message Access Protocol
A _________ _________ ________ (URL) specifies the unique address of particular website and also specifies the type of transfer protocol to use when transferring the document over the internet.
Unified Resource Locator
http://protocol, which indicates the a file is a _______.
webpage
www, which indicates that it is on the World Wide Web is the _____ level of a domain name?
third
“google” which is the name of the website and is the ______ level of a domain name.
second
.com, which indicates that it is a commercial organization and is the ____ level of a domain name.
first or top.
An ________ _______ (IP) is the address the user enters in the address window of a browser.
Internet Protocol
___ ____________ is a combination of multiple technologies, which involves the communication between web servers and web clients. It can be any technology related to the creation of websites and webpages that display the webpage of a client.
Web Technology
________ __________ are used to create a structured document known as a webpage. It’s a collection of symbols and special words to specify the elements of a webpage inside tags.
Markup Language
_______ are the basic items used to build a webpage. They can be objects (paragraphs, headings, or title), lists, images, etc. of webpages.
Elements
Elements are written inside tags that are marked by angled ________ < >.
brackets
Tags always have an opening and a ________ tag.
closing
HTML is a _______ ________ used as a tool to create a structured document knows as a webpage.
Markup Language
__________ ______ ________ (XML) is markup language used to create structured documents (webpages) by using metadata concepts and by creating user-defined tags. ex. December 12, 2009 identifies the date as DOB.
Extended Markup Language.
__________ ________ ______ (CSS) is a language that helps users to separate the content of webpage from its formatting.
Cascading Styling Sheets
