Section 3 Quizzes Flashcards
In animals, the formula for cell respiration is?
food + O2 —> CO2 + H2O + Energy
The four stages of metabolism and ATP production in order (1-4) include:
digestion, acetyl-CoA production, citric acid cycle, ATP production
How many ATP are directly produced from a single Citric Acid Cycle?
1
How many reduced coenzymes are produced from the two carbons introduced into one round of the citric acid cycle?
4
Which Reaction is exergonic?
A. Hydrolysis of ATP
B. Hydrolysis of Acetyl-CoA
C. None
D. Both
D. both
What is the effect of increased levels of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space of the mitochondria?
increased ATP production
What powers the ATP synthase rotary motor?
hydrogen ion gradient
All of the chemical reactions that occur in the body are collectively known as __________.
metabolism
How many complexes are used in the electron transport chain?
4
definition of glycolysis
conversion of glucose to pyruvate
definition of gluconeogenesis
synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrates
definition of glycogenesis
synthesis of glycogen from glucose
definition of glycogenolysis
breakdown of glycogen to glucose
When glucose enters a cell from the bloodstream, it is immediately converted to:
glucose-6-phosphate
Digestion involves enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Which of the following is an enzyme found in saliva?
alpha-amylase
The three carbon end product of glycolysis is?
pyruvate
The net energy result of glycolysis is the production of:
2 ATP, 2 NADH/H+
The body uses the hormones ______________ and _________________ to control blood glucose levels along with mechanisms to store and release glucose as needed.
glucagon and insulin
What is a risk factor for diabetes Type II?
A. high cholesterol diet
B. smoking
C. all of these
D. high blood pressure
C. all of these
____________________________ is an autoimmune disease, in which the body misidentifies some part of itself (islet cells) as an invader resulting in inability of pancreas to make insulin.
diabetes type I
Hypoglycemia may be defined as:
Lower than normal blood glucose concentration
What is the name of this type of lipid?
(glycerol backbone and 3 fatty acids)
triacylglycerol
Cholesterol synthesized in the liver is transported into the bloodstream by _______.
LDLs
How many molecules of acetyl-SCoA are produced in the catabolism of stearic acid, CH3(CH2)16CO2H?
9
The common intermediate in the breakdown of all classes of food is?
acetyl-coa
Metabolism during starvation results in a decrease of all but which of the following?
ketone bodies
Which of the following best describes the structure of a biological membrane?
two layers of phospholipids with proteins either crossing the layers or on the surface of the layers
Lipids are defined by their solubility in nonpolar solvents, such as diethyl ether. Although there are a great variety of lipid structures, all lipids contain _______.
large hydrocarbon portions and few polar groups
Which lipid group is known to support health of our neurons ?
sphingomyelin
Roughly what is the ratio of energy from a mole of fatty acids and a mole of glucose?
3
What is the term for the catabolic break down of fatty acids?
Beta-oxidation
