Section 3 Cardiovascular and respiratory systems

Question 1

what are the 3 types of muscle tissue found in the body?

Answer 1

cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
skeletal muscle

Question 2

What is the name of the upper chambers of the heart?

Answer 2

Atria

Question 3

What is the name of the lower chambers of the heart?

Answer 3

Ventricles

Question 4

What is the role of the heart valves?

Answer 4

Prevent the flow of blood

Question 5

What blood pressure reading would be considered stage 1 hypertension?

Answer 5

140-159 or 90-99

Question 6

Describe systemic blood circulation

Answer 6

Its the circulation between the heart and the body

Question 7

Describe pulmonary blood circulation

Answer 7

its the circulation between the heart and the lungs

Question 8

Identify the structural differences of arteries, veins and capillaries

Answer 8

Arteries: 
- thick, muscular walls
Veins:
- thinner walls with little muscle
- one way valves to stop blood flowing in the wrong direction
Capillaries:
- extremely thin walls
- significantly higher in number compared to others

Question 9

Identify the functional differences of arteries, veins and capillaries

Answer 9

Arteries:
- Carry blood under high pressure away from the heart
- all carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery
Veins:
- carry blood towards the heart under low pressure
- all carry de-oxygenated blood apart from pulmonary vein
Capillaries:
- allow for diffusion throughout the body

Question 10

What are the 4 components of blood?

Answer 10

• Red blood cells
• White blood cells
• Platelets
• Plasma

Question 11

Where are the lungs located?

Answer 11

Either side of the Chest

Question 12

Describe the passage of air into the lungs

Answer 12

the diaphragm muscle contracts, causing the normal ‘dome shape’ to flatten. The external intercostal muscles also contract, raising the ribcage. These
actions increase the chest cavity volume. This increase in volume creates a negative pressure between the air in the lungs and air in the atmosphere. This is very much like a vacuum effect in which the negative pressure sucks air into the lungs until the two pressures are balanced.

Question 13

What are the two main respiratory muscles responsible for inhalation and exhalation?

Answer 13

Diaphragm and intercostals

Question 14

Describe gaseous exchange

Answer 14

the movement of a gas from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 15

What are the long term benefits of exercise for cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

Answer 15

• decreased resting and working heart rate
• increased aerobic capacity
• normalised blood pressure
• Increased hypertrophy (muscle growth)