Section 3 - Attachment Flashcards
1
Q
When did Lorenz publish his study
A
1935
2
Q
How many groups did Lorenz put the gosling eggs into
A
2 groups
3
Q
What was different between the 2 groups
A
- one was placed with their natural mother
- other one was placed in an incubator
4
Q
Who did the incubator goslings first see
A
Lorenz and imprinted on him
5
Q
How did Lorenz differentiate between the 2 groups
A
He marked them
6
Q
Did Lorenz’s brood recognize their natural mother
A
No they showed no recognition
7
Q
What period of the animals life is imprinting done
A
The critical period
8
Q
Can all animals imprint onto a human
A
No, only some
9
Q
Is imprinting irreversible
A
it’s irreversible and long lasting
10
Q
What can imprinting effect later on in the animals life
A
Their mating preferences
11
Q
When did Harlow conduct his study
A
1958
12
Q
What were the 2 artificial mothers made from
A
Cloth and wire
13
Q
How many infant rhesus were studied
A
8
14
Q
How long were the infant rhesus studied for
A
165 days
15
Q
Which mother supplied the milk
A
for 4 of the monkeys the wire mother did and for the other 4 the cloth mother did
16
Q
Which mother did the monkeys spend the most time with
A
The cloth monkey (all 8 monkeys)
17
Q
How long did the monkeys spend getting milk from the wired monkey
A
Short period before returning to the cloth mother
18
Q
What did the monkeys do when playing with new toys or frightened
A
kept one foot on the cloth monkey
19
Q
What did Harlow’s study show us about who the monkeys get attached to
A
They develop attachment to the person offering comfort not food
20
Q
Why do attachments form
A
Babies needed to become attached to someone in order to survive as they’re dependent
21
Q
What are the 3 stages of how attachments form
A
- Critical period
- Social releasers
- Monotropy
22
Q
What is the “critical period” period
A
Babies have an innate drive to become attached (3-6 months)
23
Q
What is the “social releasers” period
A
Attachments develop in both parents and infants
24
Q
What is the “monotropy” period
A
Were the infant has a primary attachment
25
What if the baby doesn't form an attachment in the critical period
It'll have trouble forming attachments later on in life
26
What did the strange situation test
The nature of attachment systematically
27
What did the strange situation's aim
To see how infants behave under conditions of varying amounts of stress using separation
28
How big was the room they were in
9x9 foot room
29
How did they record the infants movement
They had 16 squares inside the room to help record the movement
30
How many different episodes are there (Ainsworth)
8
31
What were the episodes designed to do
Highlight certain behaviors
32
parent sits while infant plays what behavior is being assessed
Use of parent as secure base
33
stranger enters and talks to parent what behavior is being assessed
stranger anxiety
34
parent leaves, infant plays and stranger offers comfort if needed what behavior is being assessed
separation anxiety
35
Parent returns greets infant, offers comfort if needed stranger leaves what behavior is being assessed
reunion behavior
36
Parent leaves, infant left alone what behavior is being assessed
separation anxiety
37
stranger returns and offers comfort what behavior is being assessed
stranger anxiety
38
parent returns, greets infant, offers comfort and stranger leaves what behavior is being assessed
reunion behavior
39
What are the 3 different types of attachment
Secure attachment
insecure avoidant
insecure resistant
40
Evaluate the research support for imprinting
- Guiton (1966) leghorn chicks imprinted on rubber gloves in their first few weeks
- Shows that animals imprint on the first moving thing they see
41
Evaluate the criticisms of imprinting
Guiton (1966) found that the imprinting process is reversible as the chicks spent time with their species they were able to engage in normal sexual interactions
42
What are the 4 stages of development of attachment
- Indiscriminate attachments
- beginnings of attachment
- specific attachment
- multiple attachments
43
What is a biological factor of why women might be the primary attachment figure
They have hormones which encourages caringness
44
What was there first episode of the strange situation
Parent and infant alone playing
45
What was there second episode of the strange situation
parent sits while infant plays
46
What was there third episode of the strange situation
stranger enters and talks to parent
47
What was there fourth episode of the strange situation
Parent leaves, infant plays and stranger offers comfort if needed
48
What was there fifth episode of the strange situation
Parent returns greets infant, offers comfort if needed, stranger leaves
49
What was there sixth episode of the strange situation
Parent leaves, infant left completely alone
50
What was there seventh episode of the strange situation
stranger returns and offers comfort
51
What was there eighth episode of the strange situation
Parent returns, greets infant offers comfort and stranger leaves
52
Harmonious and cooperative interactions with their caregiver is an example of what attachment type
Secure attachment
53
Avoid social interaction and intimacy with others is an example of what attachment type
Insecure avoidant
54
Seeks and resists social interaction and intimacy is an example of what attachment type
Insecure resistant
55
Shows little response to separation is an example of what attachment type
Insecure avoidant
56
Likely to cry if care giver leaves the room is an example of what attachment type
Secure attachment
57
On reunion child displays conflicting desires for and against contact angrily resist when picked up is an example of what attachment type
insecure resistent
58
Respond to separation from caregiver with immediate and intense distress is an example of what attachment type
Insecure resistent
59
No tendency to ling when picked up is an example of what attachment type
Insecure avoidant
60
Happy to explore without presence of caregiver is an example of what attachment type
Insecure avoidant
61
when anxious they seek close bodily contact with caregiver is an example of what attachment type
Secure attachment
62
Shows distress when left with stranger is an example of what attachment type
secure attachment
63
characterised by high levels of anxiousness is an example of what attachment type
Insecure avoidant
64
Uses caregiver as secure base is an example of what attachment type
Secure attachment
65
comfortable with social interaction and intimacy is an example of what attachment type
Secure attachment
66
What does Bowlby's theory of maternal deprivation suggest
Attachment is essential for healthy social and emotional development
67
When did Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg conduct their study
1988
68
What do social releasers do
Elicit caregiving and ensure attachment from parent to infant
69
What is monotropy
Infants have an innate capacity to attach primarly to a single cargiver
70
What would happen if the monotrophic bond didn't occur
negative consequences would occur
71
What is the internal working model
When an infant has one special relationship and forms a mental representation of this relationship
72
What does the continuity hypothesis state
individuals who are strongly attached in infancy continue to be socially and emotionally competent
73
Who did a study on cultural variations and when
Van IJzenboorn and Kroonenberg 1988
74
Van IJzenboorn and Kroonenberg conducted a meta-analysis on what
The findings from 32 studies of attachment behaviour
75
From the 32 studies that Van IJzenboorn and Kroonenberg what did they look at
2,000 strange situation classifications in eight different countries
76
What were Van IJzenboorn and Kroonenberg interested to see in these studies
evidence that inner-cultural differences did exist and Intra-cultural differences
77
3 stages of attatchment
Indiscriminate attachment
Beginnings of attachment
Discriminate attachment
78
What were the 7 counties Van Ljzendoorn looked at
- UK
- Sweden
- Japan
- Hollend
- USA
- Israil
- Germany
- China
79
What was the most common attachment type
Secure
80
What was the least common attachment type
Insecure resistant
81
Where were insecure avoidant attachments most commonly observed
Germany
82
Where were insecure avoidant attachments least commonly observed
Japan
83
What has an influence on attachment type
Cultural practices
84
What is maternal deprivation
The emotional and interlectual consquences of separation between a child and his/ her mother `
85
What did Bowlby say was the critical period for psychological development
first 30 months of life
86
What are the 2 effects of development in the theory of maternal deprivation
Intellectual development
| Emotional development
87
What did Bowlby's 44 thieves study examine
Affectionless psychopathy and maternal deprivation
88
How many out of the 44 theives could be described as affecionless psychopaths
14
89
How many of of the 14 psychopaths had experienced prolonged separation from their mother
12
90
What did Bowly's 44 thieves study conclude
prolonged early separation deprivsation caused affectionless psychopathy
91
Why is the quality of the childs firts attachment critical
It'll powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships
92
Which attachment type is least likely to be involed in bullying
Secure
93
Which attachment type is most likely to experience bullying
Insecure avoidant
94
Which attachment type is most likely to bully
Insecure resistant
