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A level Psychology Year 1 > Section 3 - Attachment > Flashcards

Section 3 - Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Lorenz publish his study

A

1935

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2
Q

How many groups did Lorenz put the gosling eggs into

A

2 groups

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3
Q

What was different between the 2 groups

A
  • one was placed with their natural mother

- other one was placed in an incubator

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4
Q

Who did the incubator goslings first see

A

Lorenz and imprinted on him

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5
Q

How did Lorenz differentiate between the 2 groups

A

He marked them

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6
Q

Did Lorenz’s brood recognize their natural mother

A

No they showed no recognition

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7
Q

What period of the animals life is imprinting done

A

The critical period

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8
Q

Can all animals imprint onto a human

A

No, only some

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9
Q

Is imprinting irreversible

A

it’s irreversible and long lasting

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10
Q

What can imprinting effect later on in the animals life

A

Their mating preferences

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11
Q

When did Harlow conduct his study

A

1958

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12
Q

What were the 2 artificial mothers made from

A

Cloth and wire

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13
Q

How many infant rhesus were studied

A

8

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14
Q

How long were the infant rhesus studied for

A

165 days

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15
Q

Which mother supplied the milk

A

for 4 of the monkeys the wire mother did and for the other 4 the cloth mother did

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16
Q

Which mother did the monkeys spend the most time with

A

The cloth monkey (all 8 monkeys)

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17
Q

How long did the monkeys spend getting milk from the wired monkey

A

Short period before returning to the cloth mother

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18
Q

What did the monkeys do when playing with new toys or frightened

A

kept one foot on the cloth monkey

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19
Q

What did Harlow’s study show us about who the monkeys get attached to

A

They develop attachment to the person offering comfort not food

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20
Q

Why do attachments form

A

Babies needed to become attached to someone in order to survive as they’re dependent

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21
Q

What are the 3 stages of how attachments form

A
  • Critical period
  • Social releasers
  • Monotropy
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22
Q

What is the “critical period” period

A

Babies have an innate drive to become attached (3-6 months)

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23
Q

What is the “social releasers” period

A

Attachments develop in both parents and infants

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24
Q

What is the “monotropy” period

A

Were the infant has a primary attachment

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25
Q

What if the baby doesn’t form an attachment in the critical period

A

It’ll have trouble forming attachments later on in life

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26
Q

What did the strange situation test

A

The nature of attachment systematically

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27
Q

What did the strange situation’s aim

A

To see how infants behave under conditions of varying amounts of stress using separation

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28
Q

How big was the room they were in

A

9x9 foot room

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29
Q

How did they record the infants movement

A

They had 16 squares inside the room to help record the movement

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30
Q

How many different episodes are there (Ainsworth)

A

8

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31
Q

What were the episodes designed to do

A

Highlight certain behaviors

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32
Q

parent sits while infant plays what behavior is being assessed

A

Use of parent as secure base

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33
Q

stranger enters and talks to parent what behavior is being assessed

A

stranger anxiety

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34
Q

parent leaves, infant plays and stranger offers comfort if needed what behavior is being assessed

A

separation anxiety

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35
Q

Parent returns greets infant, offers comfort if needed stranger leaves what behavior is being assessed

A

reunion behavior

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36
Q

Parent leaves, infant left alone what behavior is being assessed

A

separation anxiety

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37
Q

stranger returns and offers comfort what behavior is being assessed

A

stranger anxiety

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38
Q

parent returns, greets infant, offers comfort and stranger leaves what behavior is being assessed

A

reunion behavior

39
Q

What are the 3 different types of attachment

A

Secure attachment
insecure avoidant
insecure resistant

40
Q

Evaluate the research support for imprinting

A
  • Guiton (1966) leghorn chicks imprinted on rubber gloves in their first few weeks
  • Shows that animals imprint on the first moving thing they see
41
Q

Evaluate the criticisms of imprinting

A

Guiton (1966) found that the imprinting process is reversible as the chicks spent time with their species they were able to engage in normal sexual interactions

42
Q

What are the 4 stages of development of attachment

A
  • Indiscriminate attachments
  • beginnings of attachment
  • specific attachment
  • multiple attachments
43
Q

What is a biological factor of why women might be the primary attachment figure

A

They have hormones which encourages caringness

44
Q

What was there first episode of the strange situation

A

Parent and infant alone playing

45
Q

What was there second episode of the strange situation

A

parent sits while infant plays

46
Q

What was there third episode of the strange situation

A

stranger enters and talks to parent

47
Q

What was there fourth episode of the strange situation

A

Parent leaves, infant plays and stranger offers comfort if needed

48
Q

What was there fifth episode of the strange situation

A

Parent returns greets infant, offers comfort if needed, stranger leaves

49
Q

What was there sixth episode of the strange situation

A

Parent leaves, infant left completely alone

50
Q

What was there seventh episode of the strange situation

A

stranger returns and offers comfort

51
Q

What was there eighth episode of the strange situation

A

Parent returns, greets infant offers comfort and stranger leaves

52
Q

Harmonious and cooperative interactions with their caregiver is an example of what attachment type

A

Secure attachment

53
Q

Avoid social interaction and intimacy with others is an example of what attachment type

A

Insecure avoidant

54
Q

Seeks and resists social interaction and intimacy is an example of what attachment type

A

Insecure resistant

55
Q

Shows little response to separation is an example of what attachment type

A

Insecure avoidant

56
Q

Likely to cry if care giver leaves the room is an example of what attachment type

A

Secure attachment

57
Q

On reunion child displays conflicting desires for and against contact angrily resist when picked up is an example of what attachment type

A

insecure resistent

58
Q

Respond to separation from caregiver with immediate and intense distress is an example of what attachment type

A

Insecure resistent

59
Q

No tendency to ling when picked up is an example of what attachment type

A

Insecure avoidant

60
Q

Happy to explore without presence of caregiver is an example of what attachment type

A

Insecure avoidant

61
Q

when anxious they seek close bodily contact with caregiver is an example of what attachment type

A

Secure attachment

62
Q

Shows distress when left with stranger is an example of what attachment type

A

secure attachment

63
Q

characterised by high levels of anxiousness is an example of what attachment type

A

Insecure avoidant

64
Q

Uses caregiver as secure base is an example of what attachment type

A

Secure attachment

65
Q

comfortable with social interaction and intimacy is an example of what attachment type

A

Secure attachment

66
Q

What does Bowlby’s theory of maternal deprivation suggest

A

Attachment is essential for healthy social and emotional development

67
Q

When did Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg conduct their study

A

1988

68
Q

What do social releasers do

A

Elicit caregiving and ensure attachment from parent to infant

69
Q

What is monotropy

A

Infants have an innate capacity to attach primarly to a single cargiver

70
Q

What would happen if the monotrophic bond didn’t occur

A

negative consequences would occur

71
Q

What is the internal working model

A

When an infant has one special relationship and forms a mental representation of this relationship

72
Q

What does the continuity hypothesis state

A

individuals who are strongly attached in infancy continue to be socially and emotionally competent

73
Q

Who did a study on cultural variations and when

A

Van IJzenboorn and Kroonenberg 1988

74
Q

Van IJzenboorn and Kroonenberg conducted a meta-analysis on what

A

The findings from 32 studies of attachment behaviour

75
Q

From the 32 studies that Van IJzenboorn and Kroonenberg what did they look at

A

2,000 strange situation classifications in eight different countries

76
Q

What were Van IJzenboorn and Kroonenberg interested to see in these studies

A

evidence that inner-cultural differences did exist and Intra-cultural differences

77
Q

3 stages of attatchment

A

Indiscriminate attachment
Beginnings of attachment
Discriminate attachment

78
Q

What were the 7 counties Van Ljzendoorn looked at

A
  • UK
  • Sweden
  • Japan
  • Hollend
  • USA
  • Israil
  • Germany
  • China
79
Q

What was the most common attachment type

A

Secure

80
Q

What was the least common attachment type

A

Insecure resistant

81
Q

Where were insecure avoidant attachments most commonly observed

A

Germany

82
Q

Where were insecure avoidant attachments least commonly observed

A

Japan

83
Q

What has an influence on attachment type

A

Cultural practices

84
Q

What is maternal deprivation

A

The emotional and interlectual consquences of separation between a child and his/ her mother `

85
Q

What did Bowlby say was the critical period for psychological development

A

first 30 months of life

86
Q

What are the 2 effects of development in the theory of maternal deprivation

A

Intellectual development

Emotional development

87
Q

What did Bowlby’s 44 thieves study examine

A

Affectionless psychopathy and maternal deprivation

88
Q

How many out of the 44 theives could be described as affecionless psychopaths

A

14

89
Q

How many of of the 14 psychopaths had experienced prolonged separation from their mother

A

12

90
Q

What did Bowly’s 44 thieves study conclude

A

prolonged early separation deprivsation caused affectionless psychopathy

91
Q

Why is the quality of the childs firts attachment critical

A

It’ll powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships

92
Q

Which attachment type is least likely to be involed in bullying

A

Secure

93
Q

Which attachment type is most likely to experience bullying

A

Insecure avoidant

94
Q

Which attachment type is most likely to bully

A

Insecure resistant

A level Psychology Year 1 (7 decks)

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