Section 3-4: Sexual Reproduction & Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

not identical

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2
Q

sister chromatids

A

identical

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3
Q

meiosis I prophase differences

A

homologous chromosomes pair with eachother
crossing-over (recombination)

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4
Q

meiosis I anaphase differences

A

homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles
random assortment of chromosomes

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5
Q

meiois II anaphase differences

A

chromatids are separated into 2 daughter chromosomes

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6
Q

genetic variations

A

random assortment of DNA segments
random combination of gametes (fertilization)

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7
Q

prophase 1 genetic variation

A

recombination between homologous chromosomes

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8
Q

metaphase/anaphase I genetic variation

A

random assortment of individual chromosomes

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9
Q

are the majority of cells in your body diploid or haploid?

A

diploid

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10
Q

what process converts diploid cells to haploid?

A

meiosis

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11
Q

what process converts haploid cells to diploid?

A

fertilization

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12
Q

which stages of meiosis are replicated chromosomes present?

A

after s phase of interphase until anaphase II

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13
Q

which stages of meiosis are paired homologous chromosomes presento?

A

beginning until anaphase I

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14
Q

which stages of meiosis are DNA segments shuffled between homologous chromosomes?

A

prophase I

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15
Q

3 ways of generating genetic variation during sexual reproduction

A

fertilization, recombination, random assortment

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16
Q

2 ways of generating genetic variation other than through sexual reproduction

A

mutations
transposons

17
Q

missense mutation

A

change in codon

18
Q

silent mutation

A

no change in codon

19
Q

nonsense mutation

A

change to stop codon