Section 3-3: Gene Expression Flashcards

1
Q

RNA 3 components

A

sugar (ribose)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base

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2
Q

4 components of nitrogenous base

A

purines: A + G
pyrimidines: Uracil (U) + C

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3
Q

differences between RNA and DNA

A

single strand
very unstable

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4
Q

transcription

A

DNA to RNA

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5
Q

transcription starts from

A

promoter (DNA sequence)

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6
Q

transcription catalyzed by

A

RNA polymerase (elongation form 5’ to 3’)

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7
Q

transcription regulated by

A

transcription factor (protein)

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8
Q

transcription uses (substrates)

A

ATP, UTP, GTP, CTP

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9
Q

transcription product

A

messenger RNA (mRNA)

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10
Q

translation

A

mRNA to protein

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11
Q

translation start codon

A

AUG=Met

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12
Q

translation catalyzed by

A

ribosome: makes peptide bonds
tRNA: reads codons

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13
Q

translation uses (substrates)

A

20 amino acids

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14
Q

translation product

A

protein

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15
Q

translation occurs in

A

cytosol
rough ER
mitochondria
plastids

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16
Q

why is RNA more unstable than DNA (chemical structure)? why is this important physiologically?

A

ribose structure and single-stranded structure makes RNA more unstable
important so that unnecessary mRNA won’t be present in cells

17
Q

template for transcription

A

1 of 2 DNA strands

18
Q

template for translation

A

mRNA