Section 2: Plant Cell Structure Flashcards
prokaryote characteristics
bacteria and archaea
no nucleus, lack specialised organelles
small
circular DNA
eukaryotes characteristics
plants, animals, fungi
nucleus, internal membranes (organelles)
large
linear DNA
5 plant cell components
nucleus
endomembrane systems (ER, golgi, vacuoles, lysosomes)
plastids (chloroplasts, mitochondria)
cytoskeleton
cell wall
plastids (chloroplasts) characteristics
energy metabolism (photosynthesis)
bacterial ribosomes, endosymbiosis of cyano bacteria
mitochondria characteristics
energy metabolism (respiration)
bacterial ribosomes, endosymbiosis of alpha proteobacteria
similarities between mitochondria and plastids
2 lipid bilayer membranes
circular DNA
cell wall functions
structural support
cell size and shape
cell wall components
carbohydrates (cellulose)
phenolics (lignin)
is cell wall outside or inside plasma membrane?
outside
cytoskeleton functions
cell growth
intracellular trafficking
cytoskeleton components
protein fiber/filament (2 types)
microtubules: tubulin proteins, hollow rod structure
microfilaments: actin proteins, 2 twisted structure
is cytoskeleton inside or outside plasma membrane?
inside
plasma membrane
lipid bilayer
polar head and non-polar fatty acid tails
draw a plant cell
what are the 4 locations where ribosomes are found?
cytosol
rough ER
mitochondria
plastids