section 23

Question 1

define dysplasia

Answer 1

dysregulation, malformation

Question 2

define myelodysplastic

Answer 2

abnormal myeloid growth

Question 3

what are the myelodysplastic syndromes (general definition)

Answer 3

diseases with clonal abnormality of pluripotent stem cell

Question 4

how are myelodysplastic syndromes characterized

Answer 4

presence of (1 or more)
- persistent/progressive cytopenia
- dyserythropoiesis
- dysmyelopoiesis
- dysmegakaryopoiesis

Question 5

characteristics of dyserythropoiesis

Answer 5

• oval macrocytes
• dimorphic RBC
• multinuclear/nuclear fragments

Question 6

characteristics of dysmyelopoiesis

Answer 6

• neutropenia in 60% of cases
• hypo/agranular
• hyposegmentation w/ abnormal chromatin patterns
• hybrid myelomono characteristics

Question 7

characterisitics of dysmegakaryopoiesis

Answer 7

micromegakaryocytes infiltrate PB
- hypo/agranular plt
- abnormal nuecli

Question 8

most common terminating condition of MDS

Answer 8

acute leukemias

Question 9

what is CMML

Answer 9

chronic myelomonocytic leukemia

Question 10

common characteristics of CMML-1

Answer 10

fewer myelomono blasts in PB and BM (<5%, <10%)

Question 11

common characteristics of CMML-2

Answer 11

5-15% blasts in PB
10-19% blasts in BM

Question 12

what are two general causes of secondary MDS

Answer 12

• treatment of another malignancy
• benzene

Question 13

single lineage MDS

Answer 13

unicytopenia/dysplasia
fewer blasts in PB/BM
usually RBC lineage

Question 14

MDS-multi lineage

Answer 14

dysplasia in two or more myeloid lineages
>15% ringed sideroblasts

Question 15

MDS-excess blasts 2

Answer 15

just below acute lvls of blasts (5-19; 10-19)
smouldering leukemia

Question 16

MDS-EB2- erythroid/myeloid

Answer 16

50% rbc precursors and <20% myeloblasts w/ shift left