bdy fluids

Question 1

list the three main functions of the CSF

Answer 1

• protection from pressure changes
• maintain stable chemical environment
• remove metabolism waste

Question 2

describe 3 methods of distinguishing hemorrhage and traumatic tap

Answer 2

• tramautic tap tubes will go from bloody to clear
• hemorrhage tubes may be xanthochromic
• hemorrhages will not form a clot
• hemorrhages will be D dimer pos

Question 3

equation to correct for WBC in CSF

Answer 3

measured WBC - [(blood WBC * CSF RBC)]/blood RBC

Question 4

name the type of WBC primarily associated with bacterial meningitis

Answer 4

PMNs

Question 5

name the tybe of WBC primarily associated with viral meningitis

Answer 5

lymphs/mono

Question 6

name the tybe of WBC primarily associated with tubercular meningitis

Answer 6

lymphs/monos

Question 7

name the tybe of WBC primarily associated with parasitic meningitis

Answer 7

eosinophils

Question 8

state the reference range for CSF total protein

Answer 8

115-45 mg/dL

Question 9

define effusion

Answer 9

malignant accumulation of fluid

Question 10

define chylous effusion

Answer 10

lymph/fats in pleural cavity

Question 11

define pseudochylous effusion

Answer 11

effusion remaining long term that destroys cellular lipids

Question 12

discuss 2 ways to distinguish chylous from pseudochylous effusion

Answer 12

• sudan stain (chylous is strong pos)
• presence of cholesterol crytals

Question 13

define MSU

Answer 13

monosodium urate crystals seen in gout

Question 14

define CPPD

Answer 14

calcium pyrophosphate crystals seen in pseudogout as rhombus crystals

Question 15

define birefringence

Answer 15

double refraction of ilght due to orientation specificity

Question 16

define negative birefringence

Answer 16

parallel crystals appear yellow

Question 17

define positive birefringence

Answer 17

parallel crystals appear blue

Question 18

describe reiter cell

Answer 18

macrophage with ingested PMN

Question 19

describe RA cell

Answer 19

PMN w/ ingested IgM (RA factor)

Question 20

list vol, pH and count reference range for semen analysis

Answer 20

• 2-5mL
• 7.2-8
• > 20 million/mL

Question 21

equation for sperm count

Answer 21

sperm concentration * specimen vol

Question 22

concentration of sperm equaiton

Answer 22

(avg from both chambers (5 secondary squares) * dil *10)/ 5/25

Question 23

state indicaitons for performing an amniocentesis

Answer 23

test for neural tube defects and blood screening

Question 24

describe analysis of amniotic fluid for detection of NTDs

Answer 24

maternal serum AFP can be inc to show NTDs

Question 25

explain significance of L/S ratio

Answer 25

• used in fetal lung maturity testing
• S = sphingomyelin (constant throughout gestation)
• L = lecithin (increases when lungs mature)
• when L inc and S stays same indicates lung maturity