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YEAR 11 - RS > Section 2 - Matters Of Life And Death > Flashcards

Section 2 - Matters Of Life And Death Flashcards

1
Q

What is abortion?

A

The removal of a foetus from the womb before it can survive

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2
Q

What is assisted suicide?

A

Providing a person with the means to commit suicide

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3
Q

What is euthanasia?

A

The painless killing of someone suffering from a painful and terminal disease

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4
Q

What is immortality of the soul?

A

The idea that the soul lives of after the death of the body

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5
Q

What is a near death experience?

A

When somebody about to die has an out of body experience

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6
Q

What is non-voluntary euthanasia?

A

Ending someone’s life painlessly when they are unable to ask but you think that they would want you to do so

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7
Q

What is paranormal?

A

Unexplained things which are believed to have a spiritual cause

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8
Q

What is the quality of life?

A

The idea that life must have some benefits to be world living.

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9
Q

What is reincarnation?

A

A belief that after you die, your soul is reborn into a new body

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10
Q

What is resurrection?

A

The belief that after death, the body stays in the grave until the last day where everyone is risen.

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11
Q

What is the sanctity of life?

A

The belief that life is holy and belongs to God.

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12
Q

What is voluntary euthanasia?

A

Ending life painlessly when somebody in great pain asks for death

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13
Q

Why do some people not believe in life after death?

A
  • They believe there is no spirit world.
  • They don’t know which holy book is correct.
  • They believe religions contradict each other.
  • There isn’t enough evidence and nobody has returned from the dead.
  • Any evidence found is challenged by scientists.
  • Science says when the body dies, the brain dies.
  • There is no place where it could take place.
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14
Q

Why do some people believe in life after death?

A
  • No proof that there isn’t a God.
  • Evidence that the mind affects the body.
  • Mind and brain may not be the same.
  • Some people may say there is evidence e.g. Mediums, Oujia boards etc.
  • The mind can make sense of everything.
  • Physics says you can have out of body experiences and credible people have had religious experiences.
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15
Q

What do all Christians believe about life after death?

A

That life isn’t all there is as Jesus rose from the dead

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16
Q

Why do all Christians believe in life after death?

A
  • The bible teaches there is life after death.
  • Creeds show the belief has been around for a long time.
  • All churches teach that there if life after death.
  • Believing in this gives life a special meaning and purpose.
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17
Q

Which branch of Christianity mainly believe in resurrection of the body

A

Evangelical Protestants believe that when we die, we stay in our grave until the last day when we are risen and judged.

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18
Q

What do evangelical Protestants believe happens at the resurrection and why?

A
  • True Christians will go to heaven and others will go to hell
  • Good people fro, other religions will have another chance.
  • Interpret 1 Corinthians 15 and the creeds literally.
  • Jesus rose from the dead.
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19
Q

What do most Christians believe in?

A
  • In the immortality of the soul. That the soul is immortal and lives on after death.
  • When a person dies, their soul goes straight to heaven.
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20
Q

Why do most Christians believe in immortality of the soul?

A
  • Jesus said to the criminal on the cross “today you will be with me in paradise”
  • NDE confirm the idea of immortality of the soul.
  • The communion of saints suggests that both the living and dead are part of the Christian community.
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21
Q

How does belief in after death affect the lives of Christians?

A

They believe that they will be judged on how they have lived their lives and if they have remained faithful to the teachings of Jesus.

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22
Q

What does living a good Christian life mean?

A
  • Loving your neighbour
  • Avoiding sin
  • Parable of the Good Samaritan and and he probable of the sheep and the goats.
  • To help people.
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23
Q

What does Jesus teach in the parable of the sheep and the goats?

A

That you should feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty and clothe the naked as you are doing these things for Jesus. Inspired people such as mother Teresa.

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24
Q

What does the parable of the Good Samaritan teach?

A

That you should love your neighbour and help anybody in need regardless of who they are.

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25
Q

What do evangelicals believe happens to sinners?

A

They go straight to hell.

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26
Q

Why do most Christians not want to sin?

A

Because they love God and do not want to disappoint him. They are not afraid of God and do not accept the idea of hell.

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27
Q

What is ahimsa?

A

The principle of non violence

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28
Q

What are ashramas?

A

A stage of life.

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29
Q

What is Brahman?

A

The ultimate reality.

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30
Q

What is a guru?

A

A Hindu spiritual teacher.

31
Q

What is karma?

A

Actions and deeds. Also known as ‘the law of cause and effect’

32
Q

What is the law of karma?

A

That any actions will have an effect on the state of the soul and the chances of gaining moksha?

33
Q

What is a mandir?

A

A Hindu temple.

34
Q

What is moksha

A

The realise of the process of rebirth

35
Q

What is a Puja?

A

A place of Hindu worship.

36
Q

What is samsara?

A

The eternal cycle of birth, death and rebirth.

37
Q

What is a swami?

A

A Hindu religious teacher.

38
Q

What is nirvana?

A

The ending of material existence (paradise)

39
Q

What is the Vedas?

A

The first Hindu scriptures

40
Q

What do Hindus believe about life after death?

A

That humans have immortal souls and are continually reborn into the cycle of samsara until they are released (moksha) and become divine (Brahman)

41
Q

What are the ways in which Hindus believe you can achieve moksha?

A
  • By following ones dharma in the 4 ashramas.
  • through dedication to Krishna or a guru.
  • Through meditation and yoga.
    Most Hindus follow a mixture of these.
42
Q

Why do Hindus believe in life after death?

A
  • Its the teachings of the Vedas, Bhagavad Gita and the Upanishads.
  • All gurus and swamis teach it.
  • Reincarnation makes sense if life.
  • Most Hindus believe the evidence for paranormal and the existence of the soul and reincarnation.
43
Q

How do Hindu beliefs about life after death affect their lives

A
  • Some follow the teaching of the ashramas.
  • The teachings on karma requires obedience and then they will achieve moksha.
  • Through the devotion to Krishna.
  • through deep meditation and forms of yoga.
44
Q

What are the non-religious reasons for believing in life after death

A
  • Near death experiences
  • Evidence for a spirit world
  • Evidence for reincarnation.
45
Q

What do non religious people believe about near death experiences. In believing about life after death

A
  • That people who are clinically dead come back to life
  • Main features of a near death experience are:
    Feelings of peace, floating above the body, seeing a bright light, and meeting dead relatives.
46
Q

What non religious people believe about evidence for a spirit world. Inbelieving about life after death

A
  • Evidence for ghosts and the Ouija board give evidence for a spirit world
  • spiritual mediums and that they can make contact with the spirit world.
47
Q

What do nonreligious people believe about the evidence for reincarnation. In believing about life after death.

A
  • That Hindus Sikhs and Buddhists have collected a great deal of evidence for reincarnation.
48
Q

What is the UK law on abortion.

A

That two doctors must agree on one of the following:

  • The mother’s life is at risk or her mental or physical health
  • The child is likely to be severely handicapped
  • The child will have a serious effect on of the children in the family
49
Q

What up the two circumstances where abortion can take place after 24 weeks.

A
  • The mother’s life is at risk

- there is a strong chance that the fetus will be severely handicapped

50
Q

What are the arguments against abortion?

A
  • Life begins at the moment of conception
  • Abortion is murder
  • The child has the right to live
  • Its unfair to make medical staff perform that task
  • The rights of the child may be greater than the mothers
51
Q

What are the arguments for abortion?

A
  • Life begins when the fetus is viable (survive outside the mothers womb (24 weeks.))
  • If it isn’t alive, it isn’t murder.
  • The woman has the right to do whatever she wants with her body.
52
Q

Which branches of Christianity believe that abortion is always wrong?

A

Roman Catholics and many evangelical Protestants.

53
Q

Why do Roman Catholics and many evangelical protestant believe abortion is wrong?

A
  • Life is sacred and belongs to God (SOL)
  • God can decide when to end a pregnancy.
  • Its against gods will to deliberately end life.
  • Human life begins at conception so it’s murder.
  • God banned murder in the decalogue.
54
Q

What do you Catholics follow which teaches abortion is wrong?

A

The catholic catechism.

55
Q

What do Catholics and evangelicals offer as an alternative to abortion?

A
  • Adoption

- Help and counselling shows that good can come out of evil if the woman has been raped.

56
Q

What do other Christians believe about abortion?

A

Mainly liberals see it as a lesser of two evils.

  • Would prefer if it was never necessary.
  • The continuation of pregnancy could cause greater evil and suffering.
  • It is tolerated.
57
Q

What are the three different attitudes among Hindus about abortion

A
  • There should never be abortions
  • It can be allowed only if the mother’s life is in danger
  • It must always be allowed
58
Q

Why do you some Hindus teach there should never be abortion?

A
  • Teaching of ahimsa (never use violence.)
  • Many gurus + swamis are against abortion.
  • Abortion brings bad karma.
59
Q

Why do some Hindus believe that abortion is allowed only if the mother’s life is at risk?

A
  • Ahimsa shows violence must not be done to the mother by the foetus.
  • It is permissible if there is no other choice.
60
Q

Why do some Hindus believe that abortion must always be allowed?

A
  • Bhagavad Gita says it’s impossible to kill to soul.

- The soul of the foetus will be reincarnated into another body.

61
Q

What are the three forms of euthanasia?

A
  • Voluntary euthanasia
  • Non Voluntary euthanasia
  • Assisted suicide.
62
Q

What do advances in medical science and technology affect euthanasia?

A
  • Life can be lengthened by machines.
  • Drugs to fight cancer.
  • Premature babies can be kept alive.
  • People can be kept alive longer, but often in agony.
63
Q

What is the UK law on euthanasia?

A

No form of ending the life of a suffering person is permitted in the UK.

64
Q

What does the UK law allow in terms of euthanasia?

A
  • Switching off life support machines
  • Stop artificial feeding
  • Not giving treatment
    These are allowed as they aren’t euthanasia by definition.
65
Q

Why do many people want euthanasia to remain illegal?

A
  • Doubt whether the parent really wants it.
  • A cure may be found for the disease.
  • A doctors job is to save lives.
  • You can’t change your mind.
  • it is open to abuse (pressure, cost, maybe they don’t really want it?
66
Q

Why do many people want to euthanasia to be legal?

A
  • Medical advances mean people who would’ve died are now kept alive. Should have the right to die.
  • Forms of it are legal e.g switching life support machine off and to withdraw treatment.
  • People can commit suicide, so they should be allowed to ask others for help.
67
Q

What is the attitude of Roman Catholics and some evangelical Protestants about euthanasia and what does this include?

A
  • Oppose all types of euthanasia

- Includes: assisted suicide, switching off life support machines, refusing treatment and the law of double effect.

68
Q

Why do many Roman Catholics some evangelical Protestants have this attitude?

A
  • Interpret bible literally and it forbids suicide.
  • The decision belongs to God.
  • Condemned in the Decalogue.
  • Sanctity of life. Life and death belong to God alone. Not humans.
69
Q

What is the attitude of some Catholics and Protestants towards euthanasia. And what does this include?

A
  • Oppose most forms but allow some e.g:
  • Switching off life support machines, not giving treatment and double effect.
  • But they oppose:
  • (non) voluntary euthanasia and assisted suicide.
70
Q

Why do some Catholics and Protestants have this attitude towards euthanasia?

A
  • Believe in the sanctity of life.
  • Euthanasia is murder and is condemned in the Decalogue
  • If the person is brain dead, God has already decided.
  • The intention of lots of pain killers is to relieve pain and not to kill them.
71
Q

What is the attitude a few Christians have towards euthanasia?

A

Accept euthanasia in certain circumstances.

72
Q

Why do a few Christians have this attitude towards euthanasia?

A
  • God may want someone to die, but medical advances keep them alive.
  • People have the right to refuse treatment and to have control over their whole body.
  • Jesus taught to love your neighbour, helping someone to die may be a very living thing to do.
73
Q

Why are some Hindus against all forms of euthanasia?

A
  • Ahimsa (no violence) killing is violence.
  • Brings bad karma as it damages the soul and stops the soul from reaching moksha.
  • Law of karma says only God can give and take life
  • Laws of Manu says murder is wrong.
74
Q

Why do you some Hindus say that euthanasia can be allowed under certain circumstances?

A
  • If the person is brain dead, God has taken their life, Gita says the soul can’t be harmed.
  • Refusing euthanasia is violence when someone is suffering so is against ahimsa
  • Keeping someone alive is delaying moksha or the next life.

YEAR 11 - RS (8 decks)

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