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Fundamentals of Physics > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

______ are the smallest subdivision of matter that retains the chemical properties of a substance.

A

Atoms

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a mixture: a) granite; b) cake; c) air; d) beach sand; e) All of the above are mixtures.

A

e) All of the above are mixtures.

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3
Q

A force that determines the chemical properties of an atom is a(n)

A

electrical force.

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4
Q

Muller’s micrograph reveals: a) a peek at actual atoms; b) the position of atoms; c) x-ray patterns; d) All of the above.

A

b) the position of atoms.

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5
Q

An x-ray diffraction pattern of a solid indicates that the solid is

A

crystal.

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6
Q

A cup of water and a big tank of water, which one has higher density?

A

Both are the same.

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7
Q

The mass of a cubic meter of water is

A

1000 kg.

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8
Q

One liter of water has a mass of

A

1 kilogram.

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9
Q

A 10 cm long spring extends to 12 cm when a 1 kg load is suspended from it. What would be its length if a 3 kg load were suspended from it?

A

16 cm.

10 cm + 2 cm for 1 kg; add 2 kg more means
2 cm + 2 cm + 2 cm = 6 cm + original 10 cm = 16 cm

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10
Q

The shape that has the greatest strength in construction is the

A

triangle.

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11
Q

When you sit in the middle of a horizontal bench supported at its ends, the top side of the bench is

A

compressed and the bottom is stretched.

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12
Q

If Alice in Wonderland shrinks to one-tenth her size, the ratio of her surface area/volume will

A

increase.

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13
Q

Suppose you scale up a model machine by a factor of 4. Then its value is

A

64 times as much and its surface area is 16 times as much.

volume means ^3 so, 4^3 = 64
surface means ^2 so, 4^2 = 16

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14
Q

When you stand on one foot instead of two, the force you exert on the floor is

A

the same.

The force you exert on the floor is your weight, which stays the same.

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15
Q

When you stand on one foot instead of two, the pressure you exert on the floor is

A

more.

The pressure is force/area. The area of one foot is less than both feet, which means more pressure.

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16
Q

Pressure in air or water is: a) mass per area; b) weight per area; c) volume per area; d) density per area; e) energy per area.

A

b) weight per area.

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17
Q

Swim twice as deep, then the water pressure on you is

A

twice as much.

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18
Q

When holes are drilled through the wall of a water tower, water will spurt out the greatest horizontal distance from the hole closest to the

A

bottom of the tower.

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19
Q

Water pressure provided by a water tower is greater if the tower

A

is taller.

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20
Q

A dam is thicker at the bottom than at the top partly because

A

water pressure is greater with increasing depth.

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21
Q

Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats. Its density is: a) less than the density of water; b) equal to the density of water; c) more than the density of water.

A

a) less than the density of water.

22
Q

What is the buoyant force acting on a 10 ton ship floating in the ocean?

A

10 tons.

23
Q

A ship passed through a canal, and run from freshwater to saltwater, it will

A

float higher in saltwater and experience the same buoyant force.

24
Q

Which would float highest in the water: a) Loading a boat with 30 tons of lead evenly spread across the surface; b) Loading a boat with 30 tons of lead concentrated in a small hold; c) Loading a boat with 40 tons of boxes filled with air stacked high; d) Loading a boat with 15 tons of lead boxes stacked high.

A

d) Loading a boat with 15 tons of lead boxes stacked high.

25
Q

Ice floats because

A

ice is less dense than water.

26
Q

When a given mass of water freezes, it undergoes a

A

increase in volume.

27
Q

A completely submerged object always displaces its own

A

volume of fluid.

28
Q

The reason a life jacket helps you float is

A

the density of both you and the jacket together is less than your density alone.

29
Q

A 50 g wood block and a 50 g iron block submerged in water, which of them experiences a greater buoyant force?

A

Wood block.

30
Q

The difference in the upward and downward forces acting on the submerged block is: a) getting bigger at deeper place; b) getting smaller at deeper place; c) the same at any depth; d) none of the above.

A

c) the same at any depth.

31
Q

Why doesn’t the buoyant force on our bodies while we are standing in air cause us to float?

A

We weigh more than the weight of the air we displace.

32
Q

If 10 kg load on small piston with surface area A, how many load can be lifted by a hydraulic piston with a surface area of 50 A: a) 5 kg; b) 50 kg; c) 500 kg; d) 5000 kg.

A

c) 500 kg.

10 kg x 50 kg = 500 kg

33
Q

Bubbles are spherical for the reason of

A

surface tension.

34
Q

The air in this room has: a) mass; b) weight; c) energy; d) all of these; e) none of these.

A

d) all of these.

35
Q

Atmospheric molecules do not fly off into outer space because of

A

Earth gravitation.

36
Q

Atmospheric pressure is caused by the

A

weight of the atmosphere.

37
Q

Why don’t barometers use water instead of mercury?

A

Water can be used but the barometer will be too tall.

38
Q

About how high can water be theoretically lifted by a vacuum pump at sea level: a) less than 10.3 m; b) more than 10.3 m; c) 10.3 m.

A

c) 10.3 m.

39
Q

In drinking soda or water through a straw, we make use of: a) Atmospheric pressure; b) Bernoulli’s principle; c) Capillary action; d) Surface tension.

A

a) Atmospheric pressure.

40
Q

A piston in an airtight pump is withdrawn so that the volume of the air chamber is increased 3 times. What is the change in pressure: a) The pressure is 3 times the original pressure; b) The pressure is 1/3 the original pressure; c) The pressure does not change; d) There is not enough information to figure this out.

A

b) The pressure is 1/3 the original pressure.

pV = Pv

41
Q

A balloon is buoyed up with a force equal to the

A

weight of air it displaces.

42
Q

A one-ton blimp hovers in the air. The buoyant force acting on it is

A

one ton.

43
Q

As a high-altitude balloon sinks lower and lower into the atmosphere, it undergoes a decrease in

A

volume.

44
Q

A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake: a) becomes larger as it rises; b) alternately expands and contracts as it rises; c) becomes smaller as it rises; d) rises to the top at constant volume.

A

a) becomes larger as it rises.

45
Q

As a helium-filled balloon rises in the air, it becomes

A

less dense.

46
Q

The faster a fluid moves, the: a) greater its internal pressure; b) less its internal pressure; c) internal pressure is unaffected.

A

b) less its internal pressure.

47
Q

If water flows into a smaller diameter pipe and speeds up, the bubbles in the water: a) shrink; b) flatten; c) expand; d) wink.

A

c) expand.

48
Q

When you pass a speeding truck on a highway, your car’s pull toward the truck is explained by: a) Bernoulli’s Principle; b) Archimedes Principle; c) Boyle’s Law.

A

a) Bernoulli’s Principle.

49
Q

If you are standing in a cave on a cliff, and the air outside the cave is moving much faster than the air inside the cave, the pressure difference

A

wants to push you out of the cave.

50
Q

The most common state of matter in the universe is

A

plasma.

Fundamentals of Physics (24 decks)

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