Chapter 20: Sound Flashcards

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1
Q

The highness or lowness of a tone related to wave frequency.

A

Pitch

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2
Q

Describes a sound that has a frequency too low to be heard by the normal human ear.

A

Infrasonic

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3
Q

Describes a sound that has a frequency too high to be heard by the normal human ear.

A

Ultrasonic

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4
Q

Condensed region of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels.

A

Compression

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5
Q

Rarefied region (of reduced pressure) of the medium through which a longitudinal wave travels.

A

Rarefaction

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6
Q

Persistence of sound, as in an echo, due to multiple reflections.

A

Reverberation

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7
Q

Bending of sound or any wave caused by a difference in wave speeds.

A

Refraction

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8
Q

The setting up of vibrations in an object by a vibrating force.

A

Forced vibration

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9
Q

A frequency at which an elastic object naturally tends to vibrate if it is disturbed and the disturbing force is removed.

A

Natural frequency

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10
Q

The response of a body when a forcing frequency matches its natural frequency.

A

Resonance

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11
Q

A result of superposing different waves, often of the same wavelength.

A

Interference;

Constructive interference results from crest-to-crest reinforcement; destructive interference results from crest-to-trough cancellation.

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12
Q

A series of alternate reinforcements and cancellations produced by the interference of two waves of slightly different frequencies, heard as a throbbing effect in sound waves.

A

Beats

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13
Q

The approximate range of human hearing is

A

20 hertz to 20,000 hertz

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14
Q

Compressions and rarefactions are characteristic of

A

longitudinal waves

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15
Q

The speed of a sound wave in air depends on: a) its frequency; b) its wavelength; c) the air temperature; d) All of the above

A

c) the air temperature

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16
Q

A dolphin perceives its environment by the sense of: a) sight; b) sound; c) both sight and sound; d) neither sight nor sound

A

c) both sight and sound

17
Q

For FM radio, the F stands for

A

frequency

18
Q

A sound wave is a

A

longitudinal wave

19
Q

A sound source of high frequency has high

A

pitch

20
Q

Sound travels fastest in: a) air; b) water; c) steel; d) a vacuum; e) Sound travels at about the same speed in all of the above media

A

c) steel

21
Q

The explanation for refraction must involve a change in

A

speed

22
Q

The natural frequency of an object depends on its

A

size, shape, and elasticity

23
Q

The frequencies of sound that carry farther in air are

A

low

24
Q

You watch a person chopping wood and note that after the last chop you hear it 1 second later. How far away is the chopper: a) 340 m; b) more than 340 m; c) less than 340 m; d) There’s no way to tell;

A

a) 340 m;

25
Q

You hear thunder 2 seconds after you see a lighting flash. How far away is the lightning: a) 340 m/s; b) 680 m/s; c) less than 340 m/s; d)There’s no way to tell;

A

b) 680 m/s;

26
Q

Reverberations are best heard when you sing in a room with: a) carpeted walls; b) hard-surfaced walls; c) open windows; d) none of the above;

A

b) hard-surfaced walls;

Rigid walls better reflect sound energy. Fabric is absorbent, and open windows let sound energy escape from the room.

27
Q

When air near the ground on a warm day is warmed more than the air above, sound tends to bend: a) upward; b) downward; c) at right angles to the ground; d) none of the above;

A

a) upward;

28
Q

Interference is a property of: a) sound; b) light; c) both a and b; d) neither a nor b;

A

c) both a and b;