Chapter 14: Gases Flashcards

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1
Q

About what percentage of the molecules that make up the atmosphere are below an aircraft that flies at an altitude of 6 kilometers: 30%, 50%, more than 50%, 40% or 20%?

A

more than 50%

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2
Q

What is the approximate mass of a 1-square-centimeter column of air that extends from sea level to the top of the atmosphere?

A

1 kilogram

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3
Q

A balloon is buoyed up with a force equal to the

A

weight of air it displaces.

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4
Q

A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake

A

becomes larger as it rises

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5
Q

If water flows into a smaller diameter pipe and speeds up, the bubbles in the water

A

expand.

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6
Q

As a helium-filled balloon rises in the air, it becomes

A

less dense

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7
Q

The most common state of matter in the universe is

A

plasma.

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8
Q

A one-ton blimp hovers in the air. The buoyant force acting on it is

A

one ton.

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9
Q

In drinking soda or water through a straw, we make use of

A

atmospheric pressure.

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10
Q

If you are standing in a cave on a cliff, and the air outside the cave is moving much faster than the air inside the cave,

A

the pressure difference wants to push you out of the cave.

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11
Q

Atmospheric pressure (def)

A

The pressure exerted against bodies immersed in the atmosphere. It results from the weight of air pressing down from above. At sea level, atmospheric pressure is about 101 kPa.

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12
Q

Barometer (def)

A

Any device that measures atmospheric pressure.

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13
Q

Boyle’s law

A

The product of pressure and volume is a constant for a given mass of confined gas, as long as temperature remains unchanged: P1V1 = P2V2

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14
Q

Archimedes’ principle (for air)

A

An object in the air is buoyed up with a force equal to the weight of displaced air.

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15
Q

Bernoulli’s principle

A

When the speed of a fluid increases, internal pressure in the fluid decreases.

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16
Q

Plasma

A

An electrified gas containing ions and free electrons. Most of the matter in the universe is in the plasma phase.