Chapter 22: Electrostatics Flashcards

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1
Q

Which force binds atoms together to form molecules?

A

electrical

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2
Q

In an electrically neutral atom the number of protons in the nucleus is equal to the number of

A

electrons that surround the nucleus.

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3
Q

Strip electrons from an atom and the atom becomes a

A

positive ion.

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4
Q

The unit of electric charge, the coulomb, is the charge on

A

a specific large number of electrons.

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5
Q

A transistor is an example of a

A

semiconductor.

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6
Q

Induction is when

A

you bring a charged object near another object and cause a movement of charge.

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7
Q

Paper plates don’t heat in a microwave because

A

paper contains no polar molecules.

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8
Q

The force between two charged particles depends

A

on the amount of charge on the two particles and their distance from each other.

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9
Q

When a material has no electrical resistance it is

A

a superconductor.

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10
Q

A volt is defined as

A

a joule per coulomb.

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11
Q

General term for electrical phenomena

A

Electricity

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12
Q

The study of electric charge at rest (def)?

A

Electrostatics

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13
Q

Electric charge is neither created nor destroyed. The total charge before an interaction equals the total charge after (def)?

A

Conservation of charge

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14
Q

The relationship between electrical force, charge, and distance (def)?

A

Coulomb’s law

F = k(q1*q2/d^2)

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15
Q

In regard to Coulomb’s law, if the charges are alike in sign, the force is

A

repulsive.

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16
Q

In regard to Coulomb’s law, if the charges are unlike (opposite), the force is

A

attractive.

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17
Q

The SI unit of electrical charge?

A

Coulomb

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18
Q

One coulomb (symbol C) is equal to

A

the total charge of 6.25 x 10^18 electrons.

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19
Q

Any material having free shared particles that easily flow through it when an electric force acts on them?

A

Conductor

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20
Q

A material without free charged particles and through which charge does not easily flow?

A

Insulator

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21
Q

A material with properties that fall between a conductor and an insulator and whose resistance can be affected by adding impurities?

A

Semiconductor

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22
Q

A material that is a perfect conductor with zero resistance to the flow of electric charge?

A

Superconductor

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23
Q

Transfer of electric charge between objects by rubbing or simple touching?

A

Charging by contact

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24
Q

Redistribution of electric charges in and on objects caused by the electrical influence of a charged object close by but not in contact?

A

Charging by induction

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25
Q

Term applied to an atom or molecule in which the charges are aligned so that one side has a slight excess of positive charge and the other side a slight excess of negative charge?

A

Electrically polarized

One side of the atom or molecule is induced into becoming more negative or positive than the opposite side.

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26
Q

Defined as electric force per unit charge, it can be considered to be an “aura” surrounding charged objects and is a storehouse of electric energy?

A

Electric field; Electric field = F/q

About a charged point, the field decreases with distance according to the inverse-square law, like a gravitational field. Between oppositely charged parallel plates, the electric field is uniform.

27
Q

The energy a charged object possesses by virtue of its location in an electric field?

A

Electric potential energy

28
Q

The ______ ________ energy per unit of charge, measured in volts, and often called voltage?

A

electric potential

Voltage = electric potential energy / charge or V=E/q

29
Q

An electrical device–in its simplest form, a pair of parallel conducting plates separated by a small distance–that stores electric charge and energy?

A

Capacitor

Capacitor plates have equal and opposite charges.

30
Q

According to Coulomb’s law, a pair of particles that are placed twice as far apart will experience forces that are: a) half as strong; b) one-quarter as strong; c) twice as strong; d) four times as strong.

A

b) one-quarter as strong

31
Q

Are gravitational forces attractive or reflective?

A

Gravitational forces are only attractive.

32
Q

Every atom is composed of

A

a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

33
Q

Each of the electrons in any atom has

A

the same quantity of negative charge and the same mass.

34
Q

Protons and neutrons compose the ​

A

nucleus.

35
Q

Protons are about 1800 times more massive than ________, but each one carries an amount of positive charge equal to the negative charge of electrons.

A

electrons

36
Q

Neutrons have slightly more mass than _______ and have no net charge.

A

protons

37
Q

Atoms usually have as many electrons as protons, so the atom has _____ ___ charge.​

A

zero net

38
Q

When rubbing a comb through your hair, _______ transfer from your hair to the comb.

A

electrons;

Your hair has a deficiency of electrons (positively charged).​

39
Q

When rubbing a glass rod with silk, electrons transfer from the rod onto the silk and the rod becomes

A

positively charged.

40
Q

Metals such as copper and aluminum​ are considered to be

A

conductors.

41
Q

Materials such as rubber and glass​ are considered to be

A

insulators.

42
Q

Materials that fall in the middle range of electrical resistivity between insulators and conductors?​

A

Semiconductors;

They are insulators when they are in their pure state.​
They are conductors when they have impurities.​
Semiconductors conduct when light shines on it.​

43
Q

Superconductors: Materials acquire zero __________ to the flow of charge.​

A

resistance;

zero resistance aka infinite conductivity

44
Q

If a charged selenium plate is exposed to a pattern of light, the charge will

A

leak away only from the areas exposed to light.​

45
Q

Once electric current is established in a superconductor, the electrons flow

A

indefinitely.​

46
Q

With no electrical resistance, ______ passes through a superconductor without losing energy. ​

A

current;

No heat loss occurs when charges flow.​

47
Q

Resistance of a material to the flow of electric charge through it?

A

Electrical resistance; measured in ohms.

48
Q

Consider two insulated metal spheres A and B.​
They touch each other, so in effect they form a

A

single uncharged conductor.

49
Q

​When a negatively charged rod is brought near A, electrons in the metal, being free to move,

A

are repelled as far as possible until their mutual repulsion is big enough to balance the influence of the rod.

Thus, the charge is redistributed.

50
Q

​If the two insulated metal spheres A and B are separated while the rod is still present,

A

each will be equal and oppositely charged.​

51
Q

An electron buzzing around the atomic nucleus produces an

A

electron cloud.​

52
Q

The unit of measurement for electric potential?

A

Volt; V = E / q

1 volt = 1 joule / 1 coulomb

53
Q

The energy stored in a capacitor comes from

A

the work required to charge it. ​

54
Q

Like charges

A

repel

55
Q

Opposite charges

A

attract

56
Q

Differences between the charge of an electron versus the charge of a proton:

A

The charge of an electron is equal in magnitude to the charge of a proton, but opposite in sign.

57
Q

If you scuff electrons onto your feet while walking across a rug, are you negatively or positively charged?

A

Negatively charged; You have more electrons after you scuff your feet, so you are negatively charged.

The rug is positively charged.

58
Q

If a proton at a particular distance from a charged particle is repelled with a given force, by how much will the force decrease when the proton is 3 times farther away from the particle?

A

It decreases to 1/9 its original value.

If the proton is 5 times farther away it will decrease to 1/25 its original value.

59
Q

The negative charge at the bottom of the cloud induces a _______ charge at the surface of the ground below.

A

positive

60
Q

A charged comb attracts an uncharged piece of paper because the force of attraction for the closer charge is _______ than the force of ________ for the farther charge.

A

greater; repulsion

the force of attraction for the closer charge is greater than the force of repulsion for the farther charge.

61
Q

The negatively charged balloon polarizes atoms in the wooden wall and creates a _______ charged surface, so the balloon sticks to the wall.

A

positively

62
Q

An H20 molecule is an electric _______.

A

dipole; meaning the distribution of electric charge is not perfectly even.

63
Q

Electric charge distributes itself on the surface of all conductors in such a way that the electric field inside the conductors is ______.

A

zero.

An electric field inside any conductor is zero–so long as no electric charge is flowing.

64
Q

Increased potential energy or PE is the result of _____ _____.

A

work input.

When the PE of a mass or charged particle (electric potential) is released it becomes kinetic energy or KE.

Electric potential and voltage mean the same thing (electrical potential energy per unit charge).