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2024 PHARM > section 2 > Flashcards

section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

ESTERS

neurotransmitter class

A

acetylcholine- cholinergic

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2
Q

MONOAMINES

neurotransmitter class

A

NE, serotonin, dopamine

adrenergic

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3
Q

AMINO ACIDS

neurotransmitter class

A

glutamate
GABA

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4
Q

PURINES

neurotransmitter class

A

adenosine
ATP

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5
Q

PEPTIDES

neurotransmitter class

A

substance P
endorphins

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6
Q

INORGANIC GASES

neurotransmitter class

A

nitric oxide

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7
Q

SNS
-fiber location and length
- gangila location

A

thoracolumbar

short preganglionic
long postganlionic

ganglia close to spinal cord

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8
Q

PNS
- fiber location and length
- ganglia location

A

craniosacral

long preganglionic
short post.

ganglia in visceral effector organs

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9
Q

ADRENERGIC: alpha, beta, dopamine receptors are what type of receptors?

A

GCPRs

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10
Q

ALPHA 1 RECEPTOR
effector

A

activates phospholipase C

second messengers:
IP3, DAG

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11
Q

ALPHA 2 RECEPTOR
effector

A

inhibits adenyl cyclase
- ca+ and K+ channels?

decrease cAMP

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12
Q

BETA (1,2,3,) RECEPTORS
effector

A

stimulate adenyl cyclase
-Ca+ channels

increase cAMP

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13
Q

2 types of cholinergic receptors

A

nicotinic
muscarinic

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14
Q

NICOTINIC RECEPTORS
effectors

A

ganglion, skeletal muscle, neuronal CNS

ion channels

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15
Q

MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS
effectors

A

M1, M3, M5
- phospholipase activated

M2, M4
- inhibit adenylate cyclase

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16
Q

SA NODE

SNS and PNS

A

B1, B2 -> accelerate

M2 -> decelerate

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17
Q

CONTRACTILITY

SNS and PNS

A

B1, B2 -> increase

M2 -> decreases

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18
Q

SKELETAL BLOOD VESSEL

SNS

A

B2 -> relax

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19
Q

SMOOTH MUSCLE BLOOD VESSELS

SNS and PNS

A

alpha -> contract

M3 -> relax

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20
Q

BROCHIAL SMOOTH MUSCLE

SNS and PNS

A

B2 -> relax

M3 -> contract

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21
Q

amphetamine

A

indirect acting adrenergic agonist

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22
Q

ephedrine

A

direct and indirect acting adrenergic acting

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23
Q

heart stimulation of beta receptor effects (2)

A

increase CO
decrease peripheral restristance

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24
Q

EPI

A

alpha 1
alpha 2
B1
B2

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25
Q

NOREPI

A

alpha 1
alpha 2
beta 1

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26
Q

isoproterenol

A

B1 increase HR
B2

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27
Q

dopamine receptors

A

D1-5 vasodilation

higher doses:
alpha 1
beta 1

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28
Q

dobutamine

A

beta 1

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29
Q

adenoreceptor antagonist drug

irriversible

A

phenoxybenzamine

  • covalent bond
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30
Q

adenoreceptor antagonist drug

reversible (4)

A

phentolamine
tolazoline
prazosin
labetaolol

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31
Q

what do adrenorecptor antangotinst treat

A

HTN
pheochromocytoma

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32
Q

propranolol

A

beta antagonist
non-selective B1, B2

-decrease CO
- lower BP, prevents reflex tachy
- inhibit renin
- toxicity with B blockade

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33
Q

metoprolol

A

B1
safer in COPD, DM
adrenergic antagonist

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34
Q

atenolol

A

B1
safer in COPD, DM

35
Q

Esmolol

A

beta antagonist
ultra short acting
good for surgery

36
Q

albuterol

A

B2 bronchodilation

37
Q

clonidine

A

alpha 2 agonist
decrease BP

38
Q

direct acting cholinomimetics MOA

A

bind and activate M or N receptors

esters of choline
alkaloids

39
Q

indirect acting cholinomimetics

A

inhibit hydrolysis or ACh
inhibit acetylcholinesterase
prolong ACH at junction

40
Q

cholinomimetics effects on eye and heart

A

muscarinic- miosis
increase ocular drainage

decrease SVR- reflex tachy
large doses- brady

41
Q

indirect acting cholinomimetics

quaternary ammonium group

A

edrophonium

42
Q

carbonic acid esters of alcohol

indirect acting cholinomimetics

A

carbamates
neostigmine

43
Q

indirect effect cholinmimetics

organic derivatives of phosphoric acid

A

organophosphates

longest acting

44
Q

cholinomimetics uses

A

eye disease
GI and urine
myasthenia gravis
atropine OD

45
Q

organophosphate exposure

s/s
tx

A

SLUDGE-M

atropine praloxime

46
Q

poisonous mushrooms- muscarinic excess

s/s
tx

A

SLUDGE-M

atropine

47
Q

Atropine O/D belladonna

s/s
tx

A

BRAND
blind, red, absent bowel, nuts, dry

physostigmine

48
Q

SLUDGE-M

A

salvation
lacrimation
urination
defecation
gi motility
emesis
miosis

49
Q

nitrates, nitrites, NO

MOA vascular smooth muscle

side effects

A

activate GC
increase cGMP
relaxation

orthostatic hypotension, HA, reflex tachy

50
Q

beta 2 agonist

MOA vascular smooth muscle

A

GCPR
increase cAMP
lungs relaxation

51
Q

CCB

MOA

A

block L type Ca on vascular smooth muscle and heart -> relaxation

reduce BP, HR, contractility

52
Q

Sildenafil

MOA on vascular smooth muscle

A

blocks PDE5
increase cGMP
relaxation

53
Q

increased camp in blood vessel MOA

A

inhibits myosin like chain kinase- preventing MLC being phosphorylated

VASODILATION

54
Q

CCB more peripheral

A

dihydropyridine

55
Q

CCB more cardiac

A

verapamil
dilt

56
Q

BP=

57
Q

clonidine and methyldopa

A

centrally acting sympathoplegics- on brainstem

ALPHA 2
antihypertensive

58
Q

alpha 1 blockers (3)

A

prazosin
terazonsin
doxazosin

block alpha 1in arterioles/venules

59
Q

minoxidil

A

VASODILATOR:
arteries and arterioles

opens K+ channel in smooth muscle

60
Q

hydralazine

A

VASODILATOR
arterioles
NO production

toxicity: Ha, N/V, flushing

61
Q

Sodium nitroprusside

A

VASODILATOR
release NO -> increase cGMP

htn emergency
dilates arterial and venous

62
Q

fenoldopam

A

VASODILATOR
agonist of D1 receptors
increase blood flow to kidneys

HTN post-op

63
Q

ARBS (2)

A

losartan valsartan

angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

64
Q

ACE inhibitors

A

captropril

65
Q

renin inhibitor

66
Q

diastolic HR

A

reduced filling
hypertrophy
decrease CO
normal EF
don’t use inotropic

67
Q

digoxin

effective conc
toxic conc

A

inhibits Na/K ATPase
slows down Na/Ca exchanger

more Ca in cell
positive inotrope

effective 1 ng/ml
toxic 2 ng/ml

68
Q

milrinone

A

bipyridine
phosphodiesterase inhibitor

activates cAMP and cGMP
vasodilation
inotropic

69
Q

SA node rate

70
Q

cardiac cycle

A

0: Na in
1: K, CL out
2: Ca in K out
3: K out
4 RMP: K inward rectifying

71
Q

4 antiarythmic classes

A

1: Na channel blocker
2: sympatholytic- BB
3: prolong action potential- besides K Na)
4: block Ca channel currents- CCB

72
Q

quinidine

A

Na channel blocker
type A
lengthens ADP/ERP
dissociation intermediate

73
Q

lido

A

na channel blocker
type B
shortens ADP/ERP
fast dissocaition

74
Q

flecainide

A

sodium channel blocker
type C
no effect ADP/ERP
slow dissociation

75
Q

drug of choice for VT

A

amio
effects all 4 classes

76
Q

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

slows down sodium hydrogen exchanger

acetazolamide: more K wasting due to bicarb wasting

77
Q

loop diuretics (2)

A

NK2CL
K+ drives Mg and CA out paracellular

furosemide
ethacrynic acid

78
Q

thiazides

A

DCT
Na Cl co-cotansporter
active Ca reabsorption

hydrochlorothiazide

79
Q

principle cells

A

aldosterone
ENAC: more Na in than K channel…. drives Cl out paracellular

80
Q

spiralactone

A

k sparing
blocks aldo -> blocks ENAC

81
Q

ADH vaso

A

AQP2 to cell surface collecting tubule

82
Q

conivaptan

A

ADH antagonist

83
Q

bendyrl

A

h1 antihistamine
sedation

2024 PHARM (7 decks)

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