chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

3 names for feed vessels

A

reticular
medullary
segmental

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2
Q

opening in the front and back on cord

A

anterior median fissure
posterior sulcus

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3
Q

percentage of anterior artery supplying the cord

A

75%

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4
Q

blood supply of the anterior spinal artery

A

2 feed vessels in neck
2-3 feed vessels in thorax
1-2 feed vessels in lumbar

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5
Q

percentage of posterior spinal artery supplying cord

A

25%

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6
Q

what does the posterior sulcus divid

A

left and right dorsal columns

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7
Q

how many levels until a redicular artery

A

every 5-6 levels

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8
Q

outer surface arteries of cord

A

coronal

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9
Q

how do posterior spinal arteries receive blood

A

vertebral arteries
- found in neck
- rear end of circle of willis

cerebellar arteries
- middle: anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
- lower: posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

  • intercostal (12)
    provide to lower cord
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10
Q

spinal branch

A

posterior intercostal artery, dorsal brach, spinal branch

spinal branch at every level ontop of dorsal root ganglia

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11
Q

what two main arteries off the aorta

A

mesenteric: small intestine
renal arteries

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12
Q

2 parts of the aorta

A

thoracic: upper
abdominal: lower

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13
Q

most important anterior feed vessel

A

the great radicular artery
artery of adamkiewicz

supplies lower cord
2/3 of total cord blood supply
closest to gray matter (motor)

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14
Q

artery of adamkiewicz enters?

A

left T10
most people: T9-T12
absolute: T5-L5

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15
Q

cerebral perfusion pressure

A

50-150 mmHg
MAP-ICP
normal ICP 10 mmHg

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16
Q

how much can cross clamping increase CSF pressure

A

10 mmHg

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17
Q

organs with no visceral pain

A

no soft tissue
- lungs
- liver

liver capsule very painful though

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18
Q

parietal pain

A

superficial connective tissue, highly localized
fast a delta fiber

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19
Q

visceral pain

A

internal organs via autonomic nerve bundles

referred
C fibers: dull achy

20
Q

what does chronic pain do to someone’s pain threshold

21
Q

dual pain of appendix

A

visceral: umbilicus T10
no tactile info sent with it

parietal: LRQ
pain of decompression

22
Q

3 parts of limbic system

A

amygdala
hypothalmus
cingulate gyrus-deep in cerebral cortex, outside the corpus collosum

23
Q

where is fast pain and touch sensations located in brain

24
Q

primary motor cortex location

A

pre central gyrus

25
somatosensory
post central gyrus
26
fast pain fibers 3 examples
a delta motor neurons muscle spindles google tendon receptors (muscle tendons)
27
lateral inhibition pain fibers
a beta
28
what part of nervous system are C and B fibers located
autonomic nervous system don't perceive what its doing
29
what percentage of body mass is muscle
40%
30
how do muscles have energy
store glycogen turns into glucose
31
what do muscles store
ions, fluid, proteins
32
ligaments connect...
bone to bone patellar, ACL, MCL
33
tendons connect...
muscle to bone achilles
34
muscle connected to muscle
intermediary tendon
35
how many myobrils per skeletal muscle cell
200
36
type 1 muscle
red slow force but can maintain lots of myoglobin lots of mitochondria ducks, geese
37
myoglobin
bring protein higher affinity for O2 iron containing molecule helps oxygen unload from blood into the muscles
38
calf muscle
soleus
39
cell wall
sarcolemna
40
connective tissue protein connecting actin and myosin together
titan
41
what is multinucleatde?
skeletal muscle cells
42
myosin molecule how many chains
6 chains - 2 heavy chains - 2 essential light chains (outside) myosin head ATPase -2 regulatory light chains
43
troponin complex
bottom left TROPONIN T -binds to tropomyosin bottom right TROPONIN I -binds to actin top TROPONINC C -binds to calcium 4 binding sites
44
achilles tendon anatomy
gastrocnemius and soleus muscle to the cancaneous
45