chapter 9 Flashcards
3 names for feed vessels
reticular
medullary
segmental
opening in the front and back on cord
anterior median fissure
posterior sulcus
percentage of anterior artery supplying the cord
75%
blood supply of the anterior spinal artery
2 feed vessels in neck
2-3 feed vessels in thorax
1-2 feed vessels in lumbar
percentage of posterior spinal artery supplying cord
25%
what does the posterior sulcus divid
left and right dorsal columns
how many levels until a redicular artery
every 5-6 levels
outer surface arteries of cord
coronal
how do posterior spinal arteries receive blood
vertebral arteries
- found in neck
- rear end of circle of willis
cerebellar arteries
- middle: anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
- lower: posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
- intercostal (12)
provide to lower cord
spinal branch
posterior intercostal artery, dorsal brach, spinal branch
spinal branch at every level ontop of dorsal root ganglia
what two main arteries off the aorta
mesenteric: small intestine
renal arteries
2 parts of the aorta
thoracic: upper
abdominal: lower
most important anterior feed vessel
the great radicular artery
artery of adamkiewicz
supplies lower cord
2/3 of total cord blood supply
closest to gray matter (motor)
artery of adamkiewicz enters?
left T10
most people: T9-T12
absolute: T5-L5
cerebral perfusion pressure
50-150 mmHg
MAP-ICP
normal ICP 10 mmHg
how much can cross clamping increase CSF pressure
10 mmHg
organs with no visceral pain
no soft tissue
- lungs
- liver
liver capsule very painful though
parietal pain
superficial connective tissue, highly localized
fast a delta fiber
visceral pain
internal organs via autonomic nerve bundles
referred
C fibers: dull achy
what does chronic pain do to someone’s pain threshold
lowers it
dual pain of appendix
visceral: umbilicus T10
no tactile info sent with it
parietal: LRQ
pain of decompression
3 parts of limbic system
amygdala
hypothalmus
cingulate gyrus-deep in cerebral cortex, outside the corpus collosum
where is fast pain and touch sensations located in brain
cortex
primary motor cortex location
pre central gyrus
somatosensory
post central gyrus
fast pain fibers
3 examples
a delta
motor neurons
muscle spindles
google tendon receptors (muscle tendons)
lateral inhibition pain fibers
a beta
what part of nervous system are C and B fibers located
autonomic nervous system
don’t perceive what its doing
what percentage of body mass is muscle
40%
how do muscles have energy
store glycogen turns into glucose
what do muscles store
ions, fluid, proteins
ligaments connect…
bone to bone
patellar, ACL, MCL
tendons connect…
muscle to bone
achilles
muscle connected to muscle
intermediary tendon
how many myobrils per skeletal muscle cell
200
type 1 muscle
red
slow force but can maintain
lots of myoglobin
lots of mitochondria
ducks, geese
myoglobin
bring protein higher affinity for O2
iron containing molecule helps oxygen unload from blood into the muscles
calf muscle
soleus
cell wall
sarcolemna
connective tissue protein connecting actin and myosin together
titan
what is multinucleatde?
skeletal muscle cells
myosin molecule how many chains
6 chains
- 2 heavy chains
- 2 essential light chains (outside) myosin head ATPase
-2 regulatory light chains
troponin complex
bottom left
TROPONIN T
-binds to tropomyosin
bottom right
TROPONIN I
-binds to actin
top
TROPONINC C
-binds to calcium 4 binding sites
achilles tendon anatomy
gastrocnemius and soleus muscle to the cancaneous
