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PHARM > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

3 names for feed vessels

A

reticular
medullary
segmental

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2
Q

opening in the front and back on cord

A

anterior median fissure
posterior sulcus

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3
Q

percentage of anterior artery supplying the cord

A

75%

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4
Q

blood supply of the anterior spinal artery

A

2 feed vessels in neck
2-3 feed vessels in thorax
1-2 feed vessels in lumbar

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5
Q

percentage of posterior spinal artery supplying cord

A

25%

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6
Q

what does the posterior sulcus divid

A

left and right dorsal columns

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7
Q

how many levels until a redicular artery

A

every 5-6 levels

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8
Q

outer surface arteries of cord

A

coronal

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9
Q

how do posterior spinal arteries receive blood

A

vertebral arteries
- found in neck
- rear end of circle of willis

cerebellar arteries
- middle: anterior inferior cerebellar arteries
- lower: posterior inferior cerebellar arteries

  • intercostal (12)
    provide to lower cord
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10
Q

spinal branch

A

posterior intercostal artery, dorsal brach, spinal branch

spinal branch at every level ontop of dorsal root ganglia

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11
Q

what two main arteries off the aorta

A

mesenteric: small intestine
renal arteries

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12
Q

2 parts of the aorta

A

thoracic: upper
abdominal: lower

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13
Q

most important anterior feed vessel

A

the great radicular artery
artery of adamkiewicz

supplies lower cord
2/3 of total cord blood supply
closest to gray matter (motor)

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14
Q

artery of adamkiewicz enters?

A

left T10
most people: T9-T12
absolute: T5-L5

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15
Q

cerebral perfusion pressure

A

50-150 mmHg
MAP-ICP
normal ICP 10 mmHg

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16
Q

how much can cross clamping increase CSF pressure

A

10 mmHg

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17
Q

organs with no visceral pain

A

no soft tissue
- lungs
- liver

liver capsule very painful though

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18
Q

parietal pain

A

superficial connective tissue, highly localized
fast a delta fiber

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19
Q

visceral pain

A

internal organs via autonomic nerve bundles

referred
C fibers: dull achy

20
Q

what does chronic pain do to someone’s pain threshold

A

lowers it

21
Q

dual pain of appendix

A

visceral: umbilicus T10
no tactile info sent with it

parietal: LRQ
pain of decompression

22
Q

3 parts of limbic system

A

amygdala
hypothalmus
cingulate gyrus-deep in cerebral cortex, outside the corpus collosum

23
Q

where is fast pain and touch sensations located in brain

A

cortex

24
Q

primary motor cortex location

A

pre central gyrus

25
Q

somatosensory

A

post central gyrus

26
Q

fast pain fibers

3 examples

A

a delta

motor neurons
muscle spindles
google tendon receptors (muscle tendons)

27
Q

lateral inhibition pain fibers

A

a beta

28
Q

what part of nervous system are C and B fibers located

A

autonomic nervous system

don’t perceive what its doing

29
Q

what percentage of body mass is muscle

A

40%

30
Q

how do muscles have energy

A

store glycogen turns into glucose

31
Q

what do muscles store

A

ions, fluid, proteins

32
Q

ligaments connect…

A

bone to bone
patellar, ACL, MCL

33
Q

tendons connect…

A

muscle to bone
achilles

34
Q

muscle connected to muscle

A

intermediary tendon

35
Q

how many myobrils per skeletal muscle cell

A

200

36
Q

type 1 muscle

A

red
slow force but can maintain
lots of myoglobin
lots of mitochondria
ducks, geese

37
Q

myoglobin

A

bring protein higher affinity for O2

iron containing molecule helps oxygen unload from blood into the muscles

38
Q

calf muscle

A

soleus

39
Q

cell wall

A

sarcolemna

40
Q

connective tissue protein connecting actin and myosin together

A

titan

41
Q

what is multinucleatde?

A

skeletal muscle cells

42
Q

myosin molecule how many chains

A

6 chains
- 2 heavy chains
- 2 essential light chains (outside) myosin head ATPase

-2 regulatory light chains

43
Q

troponin complex

A

bottom left
TROPONIN T
-binds to tropomyosin

bottom right
TROPONIN I
-binds to actin

top
TROPONINC C
-binds to calcium 4 binding sites

44
Q

achilles tendon anatomy

A

gastrocnemius and soleus muscle to the cancaneous

45
Q
A

PHARM (6 decks)

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