coagulation Flashcards

1
Q

ability of the blood stop bleeding

A

hemostasis

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2
Q

wall defect in endothelial causes what to factors to be exposed

A

collagen
von willebrand factor

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3
Q

formation of a clot term

A

thrombogenesis

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4
Q

red thrombus

A

veins

RBC
long fibrin tail
detach -> PE/DVT

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5
Q

white thrombus

A

arterial flow

platelets and fibrin cross-linking

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6
Q

glycoproteins on platelet cell surfaces

name and what they bind to

A

collegen binds to glycoprotein 1a receptor

vWF binds to glycoprotein 1b receptor

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7
Q

3 soluble mediators in platelet activation

A

adenosine (ADP)
thromboxane A2
serotonin (5HT)

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8
Q

what do NSAIDS inhibit

A

prostaglandin synthesis

  • pro-clot
  • black box for CV events
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9
Q

what does aspirin target

A

inhibits thromboxane A2

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10
Q

what do endothelial cells normally produce

A

prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin)

inhibits platelet aggregation

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11
Q

extrinsic pathway activation

A

outside tissue damage exposes tissue factor

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12
Q

intrinsic pathway activation

A

inside the vessel

platelets interact with damaged endothelium

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13
Q

DVT Virchow’s Triad

A
  1. stasis
  2. hyper coagulability
  3. endothelial injury
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14
Q

inherited DVT risk factors

A

antithrombin III deficiency (normally inhibits thrombin from forming)

Protein C and S deficiency (inhibit factor 8)

sickle cell anemia (RBC become trapped and damage endothelium)

activated protein C resistance (normal amount of protein C but factors produced are resistant)

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15
Q

acquired DVT risk factors

A

bedbound, surgery, trauma, obesity, estrogen malignancies, chronic venous insufficiency.

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16
Q

DIC

what is it

A

disseminated intervascular coagulation

  • using up all clotting factors and platelets
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17
Q

what causes DIC

A
  • gram (-) bacteria b/c of endotoxins it releases
  • massive tissue injury
  • malignancy
  • abruptio placentae
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18
Q

protease inhibitors

what they do?
list 4 of them

A

inactivate the coagulation proteins

alpha 1 antiprotease
alpha 2 macroglobulin
alpha 2 antiplasmin
antithrombin

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19
Q

what breaks down the clot after its formed?

A

inactive plasminogen -> plasmin

activated by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

  • plasmin breaks down the fibrin
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20
Q

intrinsic pathway numbers

A

12, 11, 9, 10

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21
Q

extrinsic pathway numbers

22
Q

common pathway

A

prothrombin -> thrombin
fibrinogen -> fibrin

23
Q

what factors does thrombin activate? (5)

A

factor 13
factor 5
factor 8
factor 11
protein C

24
Q

hemophilia type A is what clotting factor

25
3 activators of plasminogen -> plasmin fibrinolytics
- pro-bleeding - catalyze formation of serine protease plasmin - tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) - Urokinase - Streptokinase
26
what makes up anistreplase
pro-activator + streptokinase = activator
27
2 drugs protect clots from lysis inhibit plasminogen -> plasmin
aminocaproic acid TXA
28
HIT what is it? treatment?
antibodies target thrombocytes (decrease platelets) stop drug platlets, FFP 7-10 days post initiation
29
aptt
activated partial thromboplastin time 35-45 seconds intrinsic and common pathway phospholipid added to induce intrinsic pathway
30
PT
prothrombin time extrinsic and common pathway addition of tissue factor 3 time to clot compared to control (INR)
31
INR
warfarin 2-3
32
3 indirect thrombin inhibitors
enhances antithrombin HMWH: antithrombin 3 (Xa and thrombin) LMWH: factor Xa Fondaparinux: antithrombin
33
heparin reversal how does it work?
protamine (+) binds to heparin (-)
34
what complex do indirect thrombin inhibitors have?
pantasaccharide HMWH, LMWH, fondaparinux
35
direct thrombin inhibitors (3)
argatroban dabigatran Hirudin (lab version)
36
warfarin MOA
blocks gamma carboxylation of several glutamate resides (clotting factors 2,7,9,10) thrombin - vit K dependent - oxidation and reduction reaction - high protein binding
37
warfarin reversal
stop drug vit K FFP factor 9
38
heparin toxicity (3)
hemorrhagic disorder of fetus birth defects cutaneous necrosis
39
factor 10a inhibitors (2)
rivaroxaban apixaban
40
streptokinase
fibrinolytic plasminogen -> plasmin streptococci bacteria
41
urokinase
fibrinolytic plasminogen -> plasmin synthesized by kidney and synthetic version
42
t-PA
tissue plasminogen activator fibrinolytic alteplase activates plasminogen that it bound to fibrin -> plasmin
43
aspirin
cox 1 inhibits TXA2 synthesis
44
plavix
irreversibly inhibit ADP receptors on platelets
45
abciximab
2B and 3A glycoreceptors blockers antiplatelet monoclonial antibody
46
vit K
green leafy vegetables activity on prothrombin, factors 7,9,10
47
desmopressin
increase factor 8 tx: von willebrand, hemophilliaA
48
aminocaproic acid
competitively inhibits plasminogen activation
49
tranexamic acid
TXA antifibrinolytic inhibits plasminogen TX: severe bleeding
50
what does fibrin bind to on the platelets
glycoprotein 2b and 3a