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Network+ > Section 1.4 > Flashcards

Section 1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bits are in a byte?

A

8

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2
Q

Why is binary called a binary?

A

Because a binary number uses 2 numbers, 0 and 1

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3
Q

Why is decimal called decimal?

A

Because a decimal number uses 10 numbers, 0 through 9

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4
Q

What’s another term for a byte in an IP address

A

An octet

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5
Q

How many octets are in an IPv4 address?

A

4

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6
Q

What is the RFC 1918?

A

They are IP address ranges reserved for private use

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7
Q

What ranges of IP addresses are in the RFC 1918?

A

10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255

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8
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation

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9
Q

How does NAT work?

A

It converts a private IP address into a public one and vice versa

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10
Q

PAT

A

Port Address Translation

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11
Q

How does PAT work?

A

Similar to a NAT, it converts the port number from a private IP address to a public one and vice versa

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12
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class A IP address?

A

1-127

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13
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class B IP address?

A

128-191

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14
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class C IPv4 address?

A

192-223

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15
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class D IP address?

A

224-239

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16
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class E IP address?

A

240-254

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17
Q

Subnet mask of Class A

A

255.0.0.0

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18
Q

Subnet mask of Class B

A

255.255.0.0

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19
Q

Subnet mask of Class C

A

255.255.255.0

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20
Q

How do you get the network address from a classful IP address?

A

Keep the first 1-3 octets depending on the Class, then 0’s for the rest

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21
Q

How do you get the first host address?

A

Take the network address and add 1 to the last octet

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22
Q

How do you get the broadcast address?

A

Take the network address and set all remaining octets to 255

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23
Q

How do you get the last host address?

A

Take the broadcast address and subtract 1 from the last octet

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24
Q

What is /# notation called?

A

Slash notation or CIDR block notation

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25
What does the /# represent in CIDR block notation, and how does it influence the network?
The number of bits used for the subnet mask. A larger number means fewer devices can connect to the network, and a smaller number means more devices can connect to the network.
26
CIDR
Classless Inter-Domain Routing
27
What is a subnet ID?
The network address for the subnet
28
What is the modern method of implementing IPv6 in an existing IPv4 network?
Dual-stack routing
29
What value does each bit represent in a single byte from left to right?
128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1
30
What's another name for PAT?
NAT Overload
31
Differentiate Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast, and Anycast
Unicast = one to one (specific one) Broadcast = one to all Multicast = one to many (specific group) Anycast = one to nearest
32
What's IPv6's version of ARP called and what message types are used?
NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) NS (Neighbor Solicitation) and NA (Neighbor Advertisement)
33
How do you send IPv6 over an existing IPv4 network?
By tunneling IPv6 with 6to4 Addressing
34
What is required to make 6to4 addressing possible and how do they work?
Relay Routers
35
What is not supported with 6to4 addressing?
NAT
36
How do you send IPv4 over an existing IPv6 network?
By tunneling IPv4 with 4in6 Addressing
37
What can be used as a workaround for 6to4 addressing that allows NAT support? For Windows, Linux, and Mac?
Teredo (Windows) and Miredo (Linux & Mac)
38
What's the name of the protocol that replaces ARP in an IPv6 network?
Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)
39
How are IP addresses assigned without DHCP in an IPv6 network?
with StateLess Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC)
40
How are routers discovered in an IPv6 network?
Router Solicitation (RS) and Router Advertisement (RA)
41
How are duplicate IP addresses prevented in an IPv6 network?
With Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)
42
What type of -cast is used by the NDP?
Multicast
43
How do you compress IPv6 addresses?
Remove all leading 0s, and replace any contiguous 0s with a double colon
44
What does EUI stand for in EUI-64/48?
Extended Unique Identifier
45
What are the two parts of a MAC address called?
OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier) and NIC (Network Interface Controller)
46
What is inserted into the middle of a MAC address to make it 64 bit?
ff:fe
47
What is attached to the front of a MAC address to turn it into an IPv6 address?
the IPv6 subnet prefix
48
How do you quickly convert the 7th bit of a MAC address?
Create a 2 column chart of all hexidecimal values and flip vertically 01 23 45 67 89 ab cd ef
49
Which hexadecimal digit of the MAC address needs to be converted to create an EUI-64?
the second hexadecimal digit of the first hextet
50
How do you convert from a MAC address to a EUI-64?
Insert ff:fe in the middle and convert the second hexadecimal digit of the OUI using the 2 column hexadecimal conversion chart
51
Who provides the first hextet of an IPv6 address?
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
52
Who provides the second hextet of an IPv6 address?
RIR (Regional Internet Registry)
53
Who provides the third hextet of an IPv6 address?
ISP (Internet Service Provider)
54
Who assigns the fourth hextet of an IPv6 address?
It's assigned locally for subnetting
55
What is each segment of an IPv6 address called?
a Hextet
56
What does SLAAC's "stateless" mean?
It means that it doesn't rely on maintaining a record or "state" of each device's IP address, because devices are able to generate their own IPv6 addresses
57
What does VIP stand for and what is it used for?
Virtual IP. It's basically an address that's shared by multiple devices to provide backup capability.
58
How is an IP address assigned if the DHCP server is not available, and what type of IP is assigned?
APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) assigns a link-local IP address to the device
59
How can you tell that APIPA has assigned a link-local IP address?
It's likely that the IP address's first octet starts with 169
60
How can you tell that an IP is a loopback address?
The IP's first octet starts with 127
61
How is a link-local address different from a regular IP address?
It cannot communicate outside of its subnet
62
What's another name for the "exit door" of your network for communicating with devices outside of your network?
Default Gateway or Router
63
What's the difference between a Default Gateway and Router?
The Default Gateway is the IP address of the router. The Router is the device itself
64
What are subinterfaces and what do they allow?
A subinterface is a virtual interface within a physical one. Subinterfaces allow routing between VLANs on a single link.

Network+ (33 decks)

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