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Network+ > Section 1.4 > Flashcards

Section 1.4 Flashcards

1
Q

How many bits are in a byte?

A

8

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2
Q

Why is binary called a binary?

A

Because a binary number uses 2 numbers, 0 and 1

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3
Q

Why is decimal called decimal?

A

Because a decimal number uses 10 numbers, 0 through 9

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4
Q

What’s another term for a byte in an IP address

A

An octet

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5
Q

How many octets are in an IPv4 address?

A

4

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6
Q

What is the RFC 1918?

A

They are IP address ranges reserved for private use

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7
Q

What ranges of IP addresses are in the RFC 1918?

A

10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255

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8
Q

NAT

A

Network Address Translation

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9
Q

How does NAT work?

A

It converts a private IP address into a public one and vice versa

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10
Q

PAT

A

Port Address Translation

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11
Q

How does PAT work?

A

Similar to a NAT, it converts the port number from a private IP address to a public one and vice versa

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12
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class A IP address?

A

1-127

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13
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class B IP address?

A

128-191

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14
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class C IPv4 address?

A

192-223

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15
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class D IP address?

A

224-239

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16
Q

What is the 1st octet range of a Class E IP address?

A

240-254

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17
Q

Subnet mask of Class A

A

255.0.0.0

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18
Q

Subnet mask of Class B

A

255.255.0.0

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19
Q

Subnet mask of Class C

A

255.255.255.0

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20
Q

How do you get the network address from a classful IP address?

A

Keep the first 1-3 octets depending on the Class, then 0’s for the rest

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21
Q

How do you get the first host address?

A

Take the network address and add 1 to the last octet

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22
Q

How do you get the broadcast address?

A

Take the network address and set all remaining octets to 255

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23
Q

How do you get the last host address?

A

Take the broadcast address and subtract 1 from the last octet

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24
Q

What is /# notation called?

A

Slash notation or CIDR block notation

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25
Q

What does the /# represent in CIDR block notation, and how does it influence the network?

A

The number of bits used for the subnet mask. A larger number means fewer devices can connect to the network, and a smaller number means more devices can connect to the network.

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26
Q

CIDR

A

Classless Inter-Domain Routing

27
Q

What is a subnet ID?

A

The network address for the subnet

28
Q

What is the modern method of implementing IPv6 in an existing IPv4 network?

A

Dual-stack routing

29
Q

What value does each bit represent in a single byte from left to right?

A

128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1

30
Q

What’s another name for PAT?

A

NAT Overload

31
Q

Differentiate Unicast, Broadcast, Multicast, and Anycast

A

Unicast = one to one (specific one)
Broadcast = one to all
Multicast = one to many (specific group)
Anycast = one to nearest

32
Q

What’s IPv6’s version of ARP called and what message types are used?

A

NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol)

NS (Neighbor Solicitation)
and
NA (Neighbor Advertisement)

33
Q

How do you send IPv6 over an existing IPv4 network?

A

By tunneling IPv6 with 6to4 Addressing

34
Q

What is required to make 6to4 addressing possible and how do they work?

A

Relay Routers

35
Q

What is not supported with 6to4 addressing?

A

NAT

36
Q

How do you send IPv4 over an existing IPv6 network?

A

By tunneling IPv4 with 4in6 Addressing

37
Q

What can be used as a workaround for 6to4 addressing that allows NAT support?

A

Teredo (Windows)
and
Miredo (Linux & Mac)

38
Q

What’s the name of the protocol that replaces ARP in an IPv6 network?

A

Neighbor Discovery Protocol (NDP)

39
Q

How are IP addresses assigned without DHCP in an IPv6 network?

A

with StateLess Address AutoConfiguration (SLAAC)

40
Q

How are routers discovered in an IPv6 network?

A

Router Solicitation (RS)
and
Router Advertisement (RA)

41
Q

How are duplicate IP addresses prevented in an IPv6 network?

A

With Duplicate Address Detection (DAD)

42
Q

What type of -cast is used by the NDP?

A

Multicast

43
Q

How do you compress IPv6 addresses?

A

Remove all leading 0s, and replace any contiguous 0s with a double colon

44
Q

What does EUI stand for in EUI-64/48?

A

Extended Unique Identifier

45
Q

What are the two parts of a MAC address called?

A

OUI (Organizationally Unique Identifier)
and
NIC (Network Interface Controller)

46
Q

What is inserted into the middle of a MAC address to make it 64 bit?

A

ff:fe

47
Q

What is attached to the front of a MAC address to turn it into an IPv6 address?

A

the IPv6 subnet prefix

48
Q

How do you quickly convert the 7th bit of a MAC address?

A

Create a 2 column chart of all hexidecimal values and flip vertically

1 2
3 4

5 6
7 8

9 0
a b

c d
e f

49
Q

Which hexadecimal digit of the MAC address needs to be converted to create an EUI-64?

A

the second hexadecimal digit of the first hextet

50
Q

How do you convert from a MAC address to a EUI-64?

A

Insert ff:fe in the middle and convert the second hexadecimal digit of the OUI using the 2 column hexadecimal conversion chart

51
Q

Who provides the first hextet of an IPv6 address?

A

IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

52
Q

Who provides the second hextet of an IPv6 address?

A

RIR (Regional Internet Registry)

53
Q

Who provides the third hextet of an IPv6 address?

A

ISP (Internet Service Provider)

54
Q

Who assigns the fourth hextet of an IPv6 address?

A

It’s assigned locally for subnetting

55
Q

What is each segment of an IPv6 address called?

A

a Hextet

56
Q

What does SLAAC’s “stateless” mean?

A

It means that it doesn’t rely on maintaining a record or “state” of each device’s IP address, because devices are able to generate their own IPv6 addresses

57
Q

What does VIP stand for and what is it used for?

A

Virtual IP. It’s basically an address that’s shared by multiple devices to provide backup capability.

58
Q

How is an IP address assigned if the DHCP server is not available, and what type of IP is assigned?

A

APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) assigns a link-local IP address to the device

59
Q

How can you tell that APIPA has assigned a link-local IP address?

A

It’s likely that the IP address’s first octet starts with 169

60
Q

How can you tell that an IP is a loopback address?

A

The IP’s first octet starts with 127

61
Q

How is a link-local address different from a regular IP address?

A

It cannot communicate outside of its subnet

62
Q

What’s another name for the “exit door” of your network for communicating with devices outside of your network?

A

Default Gateway or Router

63
Q

What’s the difference between a Default Gateway and Router?

A

The Default Gateway is the IP address of the router.

The Router is the device itself

64
Q

What are subinterfaces and what do they allow?

A

A subinterface is a virtual interface within a physical one.

Subinterfaces allow routing between VLANs on a single link.

Network+ (19 decks)

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