Section 1 - Professional development and responsibility Flashcards
Obesity
A complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat; classified by a body mass index of 30 or greater.
Kinesiology
Study of movement as it relates to anatomy and physiology.
Evidence Based Practice
A practice that relies on evidence for guidance and decision-making and includes developing individual expertise, staying current on the best sources of external evidence (e.g., peer-reviewed research), and prioritizing client values and expectations.
Musco skeletal system
The combined, interworking system of all muscles and bones in the body.
Deconditioned
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.
Overweight
A body weight greater than what is considered within normal standards; a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9.
Muscle imbalance
When muscles on each side of a joint have altered length-tension relationships.
Joint stability
The support provided by tissues surrounding a joint to maintain and provide control during movement.
An integrated approach to exercise represents the inclusion of the following forms of training
Flexibility and mobility
Core strength and stability
Cardiorespiratory (cardio)
Balance
Plyometrics
Speed, agility, and quickness
Resistance
Socioeconomic status
The social standing of a person or group that includes education, income, and occupation.
Morbidity
The state of having a disease.
Mortality
A state or a risk of death or dying.
Homeostasis
The process by which the human body strives to maintain a relatively stable equilibrium
Acute Versus Chronic Disease
An acute medical event or disease is any medical condition that occurs suddenly and can be treated and healed in a short period of time. For example, an isolated bout of bronchitis is an acute medical condition that is easily treated with antibiotics and rest, and typically resolves in a week or so. However, if left untreated, the condition could progress to more serious chronic problems.
A chronic disease is a medical condition that persists for a long duration or cannot be cured altogether, typically lasting for 3 months or more. Chronic diseases generally cannot be prevented by vaccines or cured by medications, nor do they just disappear over time. For example, individuals with a long history of smoking are prone to acute bouts of bronchitis, which can and often do progress toward chronic bronchitis.
Risk factor
Any attribute, characteristic, or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury.
Cholesterol
A waxy, fatlike substance found in bodily cells.
Stroke
A sudden lack of blood supply to the brain, caused by either a blockage in an artery or ruptured blood vessel.
Heart Attack
The action that occurs when an artery supplying the heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked; medically known as a myocardial infarction.
Heart Failure
A condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.
Heart valve problem
A condition that occurs when one or more heart valves do not function properly, causing shortness of breath and reduced oxygen supply to the body.
Arythmia
A problem with the rate or rhythm of a person’s heartbeat. The heart beats too quickly, too slowly, or with an irregular pattern.
Ischemic heart disease
A category of heart-related problems caused by the narrowing of coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle.
Atherosclerosis
The processes by which plaque is formed in arteries leading to reduced blood flow.
Physical activity
Bodily movement that results in energy expenditure and encompasses many modes and intensities. Movement that is not structured exercise such as recreational pursuits (e.g., golfing, gardening, and walking a dog).
Hypertension
Consistently elevated blood pressure.
Systolic blood pressure
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when the heart is contracting; the first (top) number recorded.
Diastolic blood pressure
The pressure in arteries and other blood vessels when heart is at rest or between beats; the second (bottom) number recorded.
“Good” and “Bad” Cholesterol
There are two main types of cholesterol in the body: low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). LDL cholesterol, sometimes referred to as “bad cholesterol,” tends to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (Nelson, 2013). LDLs, specifically, are the form of cholesterol that makes up the plaque that clogs arteries. Ideally, LDL levels should be less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) (O’Keefe et al., 2004).
HDL cholesterol, on the other hand, is sometimes referred to as “good cholesterol.” It does not have the tendency to clog arteries like LDL cholesterol does and, in fact, actually helps remove some LDL cholesterol from the body. To help reduce the risk of heart disease, in conjunction with lowering LDL levels below 100 mg/dL, HDL levels should typically be kept around 60 mg/dL (Grundy et al., 2018; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001).
Diabetes
Chronic metabolic disorder, caused by insulin deficiency, which impairs carbohydrate usage and enhances usage of fat and protein.
Glucose
The simplest form of carbohydrate used by the body for energy.
