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science 9 > Section 1- Astronomy Part2 > Flashcards

Section 1- Astronomy Part2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Sun: what relives around it? How much mass does it take up of our solar system?

A

Everything revolves around it, it takes Up 99% of the solar system

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1
Q

Solar system: what does the sun hold?

A

Planets moons asteroids comets and other solar debris or bodies

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2
Q

The sun is a massive — — — and therefore it emits —-

A

Nuclear fusion plant emits energy

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3
Q

Crashes massive amounts of

A

Hydrogen together to make helium

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4
Q

How big is the sun compare to other stars?

A

It is considered a small star

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5
Q

Inner sun=_____ what does it do?

A

Core, most of the fusion takes place there

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6
Q

Mid sun____.______._______ what does it do

A

Radiative and connective zones, and our photosphere

It is where heat and gasses try to move outwards

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7
Q

Outer sun______.______ what does it do?

A

Cromosphere and crona

Inner and outer atmosphere of the sun.

Constantly bubbling out gases and heat

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8
Q

What are solar flares and promenaces

A

They are rapid discharge of charged gases (ions) or particles

Solar winds= when sucked towards eath they become the northern lights

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9
Q

What is the difference between flares and promenaces

A

Flares shoot directly off the sun into space

Promenaces go out and back into the Suns surface

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10
Q

What are the terrestrial planets?

A

Mercury Venus earth and Mars

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11
Q

What makes them different?

A

They have a higher density, solid surface, high iron concentration (fe), slower rotation faster revolving

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12
Q

Mercury facts: size, how far from the sun, how long does it take to revolve, how long does it take to rotate, does it have an atmosphere, does it have moons, what’s the hottest and coldest it can get

A

Smallest planet, closest to the sun, revolves in 88 solar days, rotates in 59 solar days, no atmosphere, no moons, hottest 450’c coldest -180’c

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13
Q

Venus facts: similar in size to, adjective describing its atmosphere, it has active ___ creating more atmosphere, the surface temp keeps getting ___ how hot is it, there is extreme ____ ____ in atmosphere

A

Similar size to earth, extremely thick atmosphere, active volcanos, the surface keeps getting hotter and is at 480’c and increasing, extreme acid rain in atmosphere.

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14
Q

Earth facts: only with ____ _____, ____ in all 3 _____

A

Confirmed life, water in all 3 states

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15
Q

Mars facts: has the most ___ concentration, most like the ____ most likely to travel too, temps between, does it have an atmosphere?, has water in, has a massive ____ , has ___ the gravity of earth

A

From the iron, mist like the earth, temps between 0 and -90’c, has an atmosphere thinner than ours mostly co2, has water in solid form, has a massive revene, about 1/3 of the gravity of earth

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16
Q

Gas gir ants include?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

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17
Q

Composed of?

Revolving and rotating speed?

Size, density

A

Composed of mainly hydrogen, and helium

Slow revolving, fast rotating

Much larger than terrestrial planets, but also less dense

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18
Q

Jupiter facts: how big is it?, temp, surface is made up of?, has a ____ _____ 20000x the surface of the earth, Jupiter has the most…, famous ___ called ___

A

Bigger then all the other planets out together, temp is -150’c, surface is gas & therefore very turbulent =red spot (massive hurricane), it has a magnetic field, has the most moons, famous moon called io it has active volcanoes building an atmosphere

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19
Q

Saturn facts: second most amount of ___, 500x the magnetic field then ___, has distinctive ____ with is a high concentration of ___ ____, temp

A

Second largest amount of moons, 500x the magnetic field than earth, has distinctive rings which are a high concentration of dust particles, temp is close to -180’c

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20
Q

Uranus facts: composition, rotation and revolution, forms an irregular ____ _____

A

Composed of hydrogen, helium, but also shows signs of methane

Rotates like all the other planets but on a different axis and in the opposite direction (rotates on its side)

Forms an irregular magnetic field

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21
Q

Neptune facts: discovered by, it was guessed to, it appears what colour, bigger than which planet, high in?

A

Discovered by an odd revolution pattern to Uranus, it was guessed to exist before we found it, it appears to be blue due to distance and light reflecting, it is high in methane

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22
Q

Asteroid facts: composition, revolves around, shape, where is the asteroid belt

A

Mostly rocky metallic chunks that revolve around the sun, not large enough to be planets so most are an irregular shape, asteroid belt is between Mars and Jupiter

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23
Q

Meteor and meteorites facts: what is a meteor, what is a meteorite

A

A meteor is space debris that gets sucked into our gravitation pull (collision course for earth)

A meteorite is any object that actually hits earth

24
Q

Comet facts: also known as?, composed of, look like

A

Also known as dirty snowballs, composed of methane, h2o ice, metal, ammonia, will appear to look like a fire ball with vapour behind it

25
Q

Moon facts: often called, every planner has moons except ___ and _____, our moon was thought to be formed about ____ billion years ago, the moon revolves around the earth in ___ days

A

Often called planiterry satellites, Mercury and Venus have no moons, formed 4 billion years ago, revolves around the earth in 29 1/2 days (rotates at that speed too)

26
Q

More moon facts: it is ____ for our survival, moons cause the __ to move creating ___, ___ are based on gravity from the moon,

A

The moon is essential for our survival, the moon causes tides to change creating oxygen allowing life to exist in the water, tides are based on gravity from the moon,

27
Q

Moon facts: in ___ there are 2 ____ tides and 2 _____ tides, there are some tides that are more ___ and less _____,

A

In 24 hours there are two high tides and two low tides, There are time where the tides are more extreme and less extreme

28
Q

Tides: when the sun and the moon are in line the tides are more extreme this is called, when the sun and moon are not inline the tides are less extreme this is called

A

Spring tide = extreme tide

Neal tide= not extreme tides

29
Q

What is our solar system?

A

All things that are part of the Suns gravitational pull including the sun

30
Q

What are the bodies outside of Neptune, and what are they

A

They are called trans-neptunian objects

Dwarf planets
Kwipers belt
Oort Cloud

31
Q

What is a dwarf planet, Kwipers belt, and Oort Cloud

A

Dwarf planet, fits some of the definitions of a planet but not all

Kwipers belt, disk shaped area with a collection of thousands of ice bodies

Oort Cloud, the most outer region of the solar system

32
Q

What do we use to measure distance in our solar system

A

A U

It is the distance to the sun about 150 million kms

33
Q

What are stars made up of?

A

Hydrogen and helium

Stars are masses of h and he gasses undergoing nuclear fusion and emitting energy

34
Q

What is based off what we know about stars

A

Brightness and size

35
Q

Star colour temp

How to determine surface temp

7 groups of star temps

A

You can determin surface temp with a spectroscope

O blue 25000-50000
B blue white
A white 
F white yellow
G yellow
K orange 
M red 2000-3000
36
Q

Star size is often referred to as

3 factors

A

Stellar magnitude

Size distance temp

37
Q

Star magnitude it devided into 6 categories of brightness

A 
1 brightest 
2
3
4
5
6 dimmest

This was established 2200 years ago

38
Q

What are the 2 different types of magnitude

A

Apparent magnitude, how bright they seem to the naked eye “does not work for distance stars”

Absolute magnitude, the actual size of brightness of a star

For example our sun has low absolute magnitude of 4 but it’s apparent magnitude is 1

39
Q

Hertz sprung Russell diagram

Temp vs magnitude

A

Often bigger stars are hotter but not necessarily

40
Q

Star cycle low mass star

A
  1. Birth nebula “dust particles”
  2. Condenses protostar “dust condenses”
  3. Nuclear fusion star “emotes energy”
  4. Runs out of fuel red giant “10 billion years”
  5. Burns out white dwarf “outer regions burn away and only the core is left to burn out”
41
Q

Life cycle of a high mass star

A

Nebula-dust particles in space
Protostar-nebula condenses from gravity
Star-nuclear fusion happens and star emits energy
Super nova- the star itself explodes
Newton star- very intense inner core that keeps Geri smaller
Black hole- left over space from a Newton star

42
Q

Galaxy’s: how many stars are in a clump and what are these clumps called

A

Billions these clumps are called galaxy’s

43
Q

Our galaxy: what is it, how many stars, how long across, shape

A

Milky Way, about 200 billion stars, about 100 billion light years across, shape is a spiral but also could be a disk

44
Q

What are the different shapes of galaxy’s?

A

Barrel, elliptical, irregular, many many shapes and sizes

45
Q

The universe: definition

A

Is everything all galaxy’s all space and all time

46
Q

Cosmology by definition

A

The science or study of how the universe began and that it is always changing

47
Q

Big Bang theory:

A

States that the universe bagan 13.7 billion years ago at a dense point and a massive explosion

48
Q

Big Bang theory: what happened after this explosion

A

The first matter was formed

Molecular compounds were formed

Forming of stars planets and other bodies

49
Q

Evidence supporting the Big Bang: universe appears to be explaining

A

To prove this we use the Doppler effect

Frequency is different in the motion then in still (duck still duck paddling)

50
Q

red shift

A

We observe space waves Geting longer and longer therefore things are moving away from eachother

With a spectroscope visible light is making a shift towards the red and therefore the red shift

51
Q

Everything is spinning

A

Objects moving outwards from an explosion always do so in a spinning motion and therefore since all objects in space tend to be spinning they probably originated from an explosion

52
Q

From Big Bang to life

A

Much of the money and research of space is done because of our innate desire to know where we came from and if there are other life forms

53
Q

Who and how did they try to create life

A

Urey and miller tried to make life from non living

They put h2o ammonia (nh3) methane (ch) into a test tube and they made nucleotides “building blocks of Dna”

54
Q

Four elements of living things

A

H o c n

55
Q

Order of planets starting at the sun e

A

Sun, Mercury, Venus, earth, Mars, Astoria belt?Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

56
Q

The sun

core
Mid
Outer

A

Core is where most nuclear fusion happens

Middle is where the hot gases move around the most

The outer is where the charged gases escape (flares and prominences)

57
Q

What can we tell by the color of a star

A

Surface temp

science 9 (10 decks)

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