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Second Wave Flashcards

0
Q

Maximal velocity of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction

A

Vmax

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1
Q

Substrate concentration at which the reaction velocity is equal to 1/2 Vmax

A

Michaelis constant

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2
Q

Rate independent of substrate concentration

A

Zero (constant rate)

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3
Q

Rate proportional to substrate concentration

A

First (half,half,half,half)

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4
Q

Structure of the inhibitor resembles the substrate

A

Competitive inhibition

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5
Q

Vmax is lowered

A

Non competitive inhibition

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6
Q

Km does not change

A

Non competitive inhibition

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7
Q

Affinity of enzyme to the substrate is decreased

A

Competitive inhibition

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8
Q

The inhibitor and the substrate bind at different sites on the enzyme

A

Non competitive inhibition

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9
Q

Malathion’s effect on acetylcholinesterase

A

Non competitive inhibition

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10
Q

Simvastatin’s effect on HMG-CoA reductase

A

Competitive inhibition

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11
Q

Rate of reaction in High substrate concentration

A

Increase

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12
Q

Rate of reaction in Low substrate concentration

A

Decrease

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13
Q

Rate of reaction in Low temperature

A

Decrease

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14
Q

Rate of reaction in High temperature

A

Increase

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15
Q

Rate of reaction in both high & low pH

A

It depends

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16
Q

In Nitrogen balance, State where intake is greater than excretion. There is net accumulation of proteins.

A

Positive

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17
Q

In Nitrogen balance, State where excretion is greater than intake. There is net breakdown of proteins.

A

Negative

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18
Q

Enzyme that catalyze the transfer of the amino group of AAs to glutamate

A

Aminotransferase

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19
Q

Oxidatively deaminates glutamate to liberate free ammonia (kidney & liver)

A

Glutamine Synthetase

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20
Q

Deaminates glutamine to glutamate in the kidney and intestines

A

Glutaminase

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21
Q

Compounds in which organisms excrete excess nitrogen

A

Ammonia, Uric acid & Urea “AUU”

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22
Q

Produces urea from free ammonia

A

Urea cycle

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23
Q

Location of urea cycle

A

Mitochondria & Cytoplasm (Liver only)

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24
Reactants for Urea cycle
Ammonia, CO2 & Aspartate "ACA"
25
End product of urea cycle
Urea
26
Rate Limiting step for Urea Cycle
NH3+CO2 -> carbamoyl phosphate
27
Rate limiting enzyme for urea cycle
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase I
28
Three compounds that are immediate donors of the atoms of urea
Free ammonia, Aspartate & CO2 "FAC"
29
Location of heme synthesis
Mitochondria & Cytoplasm (ALL tissues)
30
Reactants for heme synthesis
Glycine & Succinyl CoA
31
End product of heme synthesis
E-aminolevulinic acid
32
Rate limiting enzyme for heme synthesis
ALA synthase
33
Rate limiting step for heme synthesis
Glycine+Succinyl CoA -> ALA
34
Enzyme for the conversion of heme to biliverdin
Heme Oxygenase
35
Enzyme for the conversion of biliverdin to bilirubin
Biliverdin Reductase
36
AAs Degradation & Synthesis: Pyruvate
Alanine
37
AAs Degradation & Synthesis: Alpha-Ketoglutarate
Glutamate (ALT)
38
AAs Degradation & Synthesis: Oxaloacetate
Aspartate
39
Ketogenic AAs
Lysine & Leucine
40
Glucogenic AAs
Valine
41
Pigment derived from porphin. Chelates with iron, magnesium, zinc, nickel, copper or cobalt.
Porphyrin
42
Hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulfate, heparin, keratan sulfate & chondroitin sulfate
Glycosaminoglycans
43
Found in extracellular matrix or connective tissues
Proteoglycans
44
Component of most connective tissues in the body. Provides strength & support.
Collagen
45
Found in the ground substance. GAG plus Protein core.
Proteoglycans
46
Found in connective tissues which has elastic properties
Elastin
47
Intermediate filament found in the epithelial cells. High in cysteine & sulfur.
Keratin
48
Defense of body against foreign bodies harmful and nonharmful
Immunoglobulins
49
Thick filaments found in the muscles, involved in muscle contraction.
Myosin
50
Thin filaments found in the skeletal muscle. Could be fibrous or globular.
Actin
51
Autosomal recessive, defect on Chromosome 3 & defective homogentisic acid oxidase.
Alkaptonuria
52
Autosomal recessive, defective AA transporter in the renal tubule and intestinal epithelial cells
Cystinuria
53
Protein folding disorder
Prion & Alzheimer
54
Glutamate is replaced by valine at position 6 of the B-globin chain, causing hgb that polymerizes inside the RBC.
Sickle cell anemia
55
Synthesis of alpha-chains is decreased or absent
Alphathalassemia
56
Spectrin deficiency causes spherical RBCs that are rapidly culled by the spleen
Hereditary spherocytosis
57
Blue sclera, multiple fractures & conductive hearing loss
Osteogenesis imperfecta
58
Berry aneurysms, hyperextensible skin, hypermobile joints & tendency to bleed.
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
59
Loose teeth, sore spongy gums, poor wound healing, petechiae on skin and mucous membranes.
Scurvy
60
Hereditary nephritis with sensorineural hearing loss
Alport syndrome
61
Aortic dilation, dolichostenomelia & aracnodactyly.
Marfan syndrome
62
Panacina emphysema and liver failure
A-1 Antitrypsin deficiency
63
Hepatolenticular degeneration from accumulation of copper in tissues with low levels of ceruloplasmin
Wilson's disease
64
Musty body odor, mental retardation, fair skin & eczema
PKU
65
Urine turns black upon standing and is associated with debilitating arthralgias
Alkaptonuria
66
Decreased pigmentation that increases the risk of skin cancer
Albinism
67
Due to decrease in cysteine. Atherosclerosis, lens subluxation, stroke, MI, osteoporosis & tall structure.
Homocystinuria
68
Staghorn calculi due to inherited defect of renal tubular AA transporter
Cystinuria
69
MR from blocked degradation of branched chain AA
MSUD
70
Photosensitivity, chronic inflammation to overt blistering and shearing in exposed areas of the skin due to defects in heme synthesis
Porphyrias
71
Protein deprivation that is relatively greater than the reduction in total calories
Kwashiorkor
72
Caloric deprivation is relatively greater than the reduction in protein
Marasmus

Biochem reviewer (5 decks)

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