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Fifth Wave Flashcards

0
Q

Location of Ketogenesis

A

Mitochondria. Liver only.

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1
Q

Converts acetyl CoA to ketone bodies

A

Ketogenesis

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2
Q

Reactants of Ketogenesis

A

Acetyl CoA

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3
Q

Products of Ketogenesis

A

Acetone, Acetoacetyl CoA & B-hydroxybutyrate

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4
Q

Rate limiting step of Ketogenesis

A

Acetoacetyl CoA + acetyl CoA to HMG CoA

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5
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of Ketogenesis

A

HMG CoA Synthase

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6
Q

Formation of cholesterol from acetyl CoA

A

Cholesterol Synthesis

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7
Q

Location of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

SER. All cells.

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8
Q

Reactants of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

Acetyl CoA

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9
Q

Products of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

Lanosterol then Cholesterol

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10
Q

Rate limiting step of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

HMG CoA to Mevalonate

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11
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

HMG CoA Reductase

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12
Q

Alcohol leads to fat accumulation in the liver

A

Fatty liver

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13
Q

Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome

A

Zellaeger syndrome

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14
Q

Accumulation of phytanic acid

A

Retsum’s Disease

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15
Q

Hypoglycin from unripe fruit of the akee tree inactivates medium and short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase

A

Jamaican vomiting sickness

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16
Q

Accumulation of fat in intestinal enterocytes and hepatocytes, with deficiency in fat soluble vitamins and essential FAs

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

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17
Q

Mental retardation from accumulation of GM2 ganglioside

A

Tay-Sachs disease

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18
Q

Mental retardation from accumulation of sphingomyelin

A

Niemann-Pick disease

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19
Q

Mental retardation, enlarged liver and spleen from accumulation of glucosylceramide

A

Gaucher’s disease

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20
Q

Four counter regulatory hormones that oppose the actions of insulin

A

Cortisol, GH, Glucagon & Epinephrine

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21
Q

Acetyl CoA, Krebs & Urea cycle occurs in what state

A

Both Well-fed and Fasting

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22
Q

Beta Oxidation, Gluconeogenesis & Glycogenolysis occurs in what state

A

Fasting

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23
Q

Glycolysis, HMP, Protein synthesis, FA, Cholesterol, Glycogenesis & Heme synthesis occursin what state

A

Well-fed state

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24
Bases of Purine
AGH
25
Bases of Pyrimidine
CUT
26
Enzyme that converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides
Ribonucleotide reductase
27
Enzyme that converts AMP to ADP and GMP to GDP
Monophosphate Kinases
28
Synthesis of adenine and guanine
Purine Synthesis
29
Location of Purine Synthesis
Cytoplasm. ALL tissues.
30
Reactants of Purine Synthesis
Tetrahydrofolate, Aspartate, Glutamine, Glycine and CO2
31
Products of Purine Synthesis
Inosine (parent purine)
32
Rate limiting step of Purine Synthesis
Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) to 5-Phosphoribosylamine
33
Rate limiting enzyme of Purine Synthesis
PRPP Glutamyl Amidotransferase
34
Synthesis of Uracil and Cytosine
Pyrimidine Synthesis
35
Location of Pyrimidine Synthesis
Cytoplasm. ALL tissues.
36
Reactants of Pyrimidine Synthesis
Glutamine, Aspartate & CO2
37
Products of Pyrimidine Synthesis
Orotidine (Parent Pyrimidine)
38
Rate limiting step of Pyrimidine Synthesis
NH2 + CO2 to Carbamoyl Phosphate
39
Rate limiting enzyme of Pyrimidine Synthesis
Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase II
40
Follows Chargaff
DNA
41
Bases are A=U & C=G
RNA
42
Bases are A=T & C=G
DNA
43
Number of strands of DNA
Two
44
Susceptible to hydrolysis
RNA
45
Sugar in DNA
Reduced
46
Sugar in RNA
Oxidized
47
DNA to RNA
Transcription
48
RNA to CHON
Translation
49
RNA to DNA
Reverse transcription
50
DNA to DNA
Replication
51
Pribnow box
Transcription prokaryotic
52
Hogness box
Transcription Eukaryotic
53
Shine Dalgarno sequence
Translation
54
Unwinds double helix
Helicase
55
Removes supercoils
Topoisomerase
56
Identifies origin of Replication
DNA A Protein
57
Synthesis of RNA primer
Primase
58
Maintains the separation of the parental strands
SS DNA binding protein
59
Elongation of leading strand
DNA Polymerase III
60
Excision of primers
DNA Polymerase I
61
Seals the nick between Okazaki fragments
Ligase
62
Carries genetic info. Poly A tail. Massive.
mRNA
63
Unusual bases. 3'- CCA sequence. Tiny.
tRNA
64
Rampant in transcription
rRNA
65
mRNA processing and gene regulation
snRNA
66
Gene regions of a Eukaryote
Monocistronic
67
Gene regions of Prokaryote
Polycistronic
68
Initiation of Prokaryote
TATAAT & Sigma
69
Initiation of Eukaryote
TATA & CAAT (transcription factors)
70
Genetic code: Given AA may have more than one codon coding for it.
Degenerate
71
Genetic code: Conserved from very early stages of evolution.
Universal
72
Genetic code: Codon always code for the same AA.
Specific
73
3 stop codons
UAA UGA UAG
74
Shorter & Non functional
Nonsense
75
Non functional and often shorter
Frameshift
76
Loss of function
Large segment deletion
77
Longer than usual, unstable
Triplet repeat expansion
78
Translation: Empty tRNA
E site
79
Translation: Growing peptide chain
P site
80
Translation: Incoming aminoacyl tRNA
A site
81
Translation: Methionine Codon
AUG
82
Present in all populations
Autosomal dominant
83
Affected father. All daughters, no son.
X linked dominant
84
Skips generation
Autosomal recessive
85
Affected mom. All sons, no daughter.
X linked recessive
86
Male patern baldness
Sec influenced
87
Inability to repair thymine dimers
Xeroderma Pigmentosa
88
Mismatched strand
Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer
89
Triple repeat
Huntington disease
90
Point mutation
Sickle cell dse
91
Acute arthritis with deposition of uric acid crystals
Gout
92
Gout and self mutilation
Lesch Nyhan
93
Vitamins: transketolase reactions in the HMP shunt
B1
94
Vitamins: Prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation
E
95
Normalizes calcium levels in response to hypocalcemia
D
96
Vitamins: Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA
Biotin
97
Vitamins: Hydroxylation of Collagen
C
98
Vitamins: Glycogen phosphorylase
B6
99
Vitamins: Hartnup dse
B3
100
Vitamins: Condensation of glycine and succinyl CoA
B6
101
Vitamins: Carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in coagulation factors
K
102
Vitamins: All aminotransferases
B6
103
Vitamins: Diarrhea, Dementia & Dermatitis
B3
104
Vitamins: Cofactor for acyl transfers and component of fatty acid synthase
B5
105
Vitamins: Megaloblastic anemia
Folate & B12
106
Important anticoagulant
Heparin
107
Attracts water into the ECM
Hyaluronic acid
108
Determines charge selectiveness of renal glomerulus
Heparan SO4
109
Located at sites of calcification of endochondral bone
Chondroitin SO4
110
Lubricant and protective agent
Mucin
111
Immunologic molecules
Immunoglobulins

Biochem reviewer (5 decks)

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