Fourth Wave

Question 0

Products of TCA: a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

Answer 0

NADH & CO2

Question 1

Products of TCA: Succinate thiokinase

Answer 1

GTP

Question 2

Products of TCA: Malate dehydrogenase

Answer 2

NADH

Question 3

Products of TCA: Aconitase

Answer 3

None

Question 4

Products of TCA: Succinate Dehydrogenase

Answer 4

FADH2

Question 5

ETC System: entry point for NADH

Answer 5

Complex I

Question 6

ETC System: Generation of proton gradient

Answer 6

Complex I, III & IV

Question 7

ETC System: Entry point of FADH2

Answer 7

Complex II

Question 8

ETC System: ATP production by oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 8

Complex V

Question 9

Inhibitors/Uncouplers of ETC: Uncoupler

Answer 9

Aspirin

Question 10

Inhibitors/Uncouplers of ETC: Complex I inhibitor

Answer 10

Amytal

Question 11

Inhibitors/Uncouplers of ETC: Direct inhibitor of Complex V & ATP synthesis

Answer 11

Oligomycin

Question 12

Inhibitors/Uncouplers of ETC: Complex IV inhibitor

Answer 12

Carbon Monoxide

Question 13

Inhibitors/Uncouplers of ETC: Complex III inhibitor

Answer 13

Dimercaprol

Question 14

Generates new glucose molecules

Answer 14

Gluconeogenesis

Question 15

Location of Gluconeogenesis

Answer 15

Cytoplasm. Liver (90%) and Kidney (10%) ONLY.

Question 16

Reactants of Gluconeogenesis

Answer 16

Glucose

Question 17

Rate Limiting Step of Gluconeogenesis

Answer 17

Fructose 1,6 phosphate to Fructose 6 phosphate

Question 18

Rate limiting enzyme for Gluconeogenesis

Answer 18

Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphatase

Question 19

Glycogen Metabolism: creates a(1-4) linkages and elongates the glycogen chains

Answer 19

Glycogen synthase

Question 20

Glycogen Metabolism: Transfers 5 to 8 glucosyl residues and creates a(1-6) linkages

Answer 20

Branching enzyme

Question 21

Generates new glycogen molecules

Answer 21

Glycogenesis

Question 22

Location of Glycogenesis

Answer 22

Cytoplasm. Liver & Muscle only.

Question 23

Reactants of Glycogenesis

Answer 23

UDP glucose

Question 24

Products of Glycogenesis

Answer 24

Glycogen

Question 25

Rate limiting step of Glycogenesis

Answer 25

Elongation of glycogen (formation of a (1-4) glycosidic bonds)

Question 26

Rate limiting enzyme of Glycogenesis

Answer 26

Glycogen Synthase

Question 27

Breaks down glycogen to form new glucose

Answer 27

Glycogenolysis

Question 28

Location of Glycogenolysis

Answer 28

Cytoplasm. Liver & Muscle.

Question 29

Reactants of Glycogenolysis

Answer 29

Glycogen

Question 30

Products of Glycogenolysis

Answer 30

Glucose-1-phosphate and free glucose

Question 31

Rate limiting step of Glycogenolysis

Answer 31

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 32

Type of Metabolism: Glycogenolysis

Answer 32

Catabolic

Question 33

Type of Metabolism: Glycogenesis

Answer 33

Anabolic

Question 34

Rate Limiting Enzyme for Glycogenesis

Answer 34

Glycogen Synthase

Question 35

Rate Limiting Enzyme for Glycogenolysis

Answer 35

Glycogen Phosphorylase

Question 36

Stimulating hormone for Glycogenesis

Answer 36

Insulin

Question 37

Stimulating hormone for Glycogenolysis

Answer 37

Glucagon & Epi

Question 38

Generates NADPH & R5P

Answer 38

PPP

Question 39

Location of PPP

Answer 39

Cytoplasm. Liver, RBC, Lactating mammaries and Adrenals.

Question 40

Reactants of PPP

Answer 40

G-6-P

Question 41

Products of PPP

Answer 41

NADPH & R5P

Question 42

Rate limiting step of PPP

Answer 42

G6P to 6-Phosphogluconate

Question 43

Rate limiting enzyme of PPP

Answer 43

G6P Dehydrogenase

Question 44

Pyruvate to Lactate

Answer 44

NADH

Question 45

Acetyl CoA to Palmitate

Answer 45

NADPH

Question 46

Succinate to Fumarate and Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

Answer 46

FAD

Question 47

Isocitrate to a-ketoglutarate and Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA

Answer 47

NAD

Question 48

Flatulence, cramps and diarrhea after ingestion of dairy products.

Answer 48

Lactose Intolerance

Question 49

Severe fasting hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly and elevated glycogen in liver

Answer 49

Von Gierke Dse

Question 50

Cardiomegaly and heart failure from impaired glycogen metabolism

Answer 50

Pompe Dse

Question 51

Hepatomegaly, milder form of VGD

Answer 51

Cori dse

Question 52

Leads to hemolytic anemia due to poor RBC defense against oxidizing agents

Answer 52

G6PD Deficiency

Question 53

Recurrent pyogenic infections due to impairment of respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes

Answer 53

Chronic Granulomatous Disease

Question 54

Cataracts within a few days of birth, vomiting and diarrhea after milk ingestion, lethargy, hypotonia & MR

Answer 54

Classic Galactosemia

Question 55

Galactosemia, Galactosuria and cataracts in early childhood

Answer 55

Galactokinase deficiency

Question 56

Benign Fructosuria

Answer 56

Fructokinase deficiency

Question 57

Fructosuria, severe hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, liver damage and jaundice

Answer 57

Fructose intolerance

Question 58

Long chain of carboxylic acid with no double bond

Answer 58

Saturated FA

Question 59

Long chain of carboxylic acid with one double bond

Answer 59

Monounsaturated FA

Question 60

Long chain of carboxylic acid with two or more double bonds

Answer 60

Polyunsaturated FA

Question 61

Fatty acids associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis

Answer 61

Trans And Saturated FAs

Question 62

Essential FAs

Answer 62

Linoleic & Linolenic

Question 63

Immediate precursor of Prostaglandins

Answer 63

Arachidonic Acid

Question 64

End product of FA synthesis

Answer 64

Palmitic acid

Question 65

Two primary bile acids

Answer 65

Colic & Chenodeoxycolic

Question 66

Two molecules conjugated to bile acids to convert them to bile salts

Answer 66

Taurine & Glycine

Question 67

Two secondary bile acids

Answer 67

Deoxycolic and Lithocolic

Question 68

Clinical manifestations of lipid malabsorption

Answer 68

Lipoproteins

Question 69

Protein moiety of lipoproteins

Answer 69

Apoproteins

Question 70

Transport dietary triglyceride and cholesterol from intestine to tissues

Answer 70

Chylomicron

Question 71

Spherical macromolecular complexes composed of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a shell of amphipathic lipoproteins, phospholipid and nonesterified cholesterol

Answer 71

Lipoproteins

Question 72

Transports triglyceride from liver to tissues

Answer 72

VLDL

Question 73

Delivers cholesterol into cells

Answer 73

LDL

Question 74

Mediates chylomicron secretion

Answer 74

Apo B48

Question 75

Activates lipoprotein lipase

Answer 75

Apo C-II

Question 76

Mediates uptake of chylomicron remnants

Answer 76

Apo E

Question 77

Binds to LDL receptor and mediates VLDL secretion

Answer 77

Apo B-100

Question 78

Activates LCAT to produce cholesteryl esters in HDL

Answer 78

Apo A-1

Question 79

Degradation of TAG stored in adipocytes

Answer 79

Hormone sensitive lipase

Question 80

Degradation of dietary TAG in small intestine

Answer 80

Pancreatic lipase

Question 81

Degradation of TAG circulating in chylomicrons and TAGs

Answer 81

Lipoprotein Lipase

Question 82

Degradation of TAG remaining in IDL

Answer 82

Hepatic Lipase

Question 83

Major component of Lung surfactant

Answer 83

Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine

Question 84

Only glycerophospholipid that is antigenic

Answer 84

Cardiolipin

Question 85

Reservoir for arachidonic acid in the membranes and precursor for IP3 and DAG

Answer 85

Phosphatidyl Inositol

Question 86

Important constituent of myelin

Answer 86

Sphingomyelin

Question 87

Generates palmitate

Answer 87

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Question 88

Location of Fatty Acid Synthesis

Answer 88

Cytoplasm & Mitochondria in Liver & Lactating mammaries

Question 89

Reactants of Fatty Acid Synthesis

Answer 89

Acetyl CoA

Question 90

Rate limiting step of Fatty Acid Synthesis

Answer 90

Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA

Question 91

Rate limiting enzyme of Fatty Acid Synthesis

Answer 91

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 92

Generates acetyl CoA from the ends of palmitate

Answer 92

Beta Oxidation

Question 93

Location of Beta Oxidation

Answer 93

Mitochondria, all cells except neurons, RBC, testes & renal medulla

Question 94

Reactants of Beta Oxidation

Answer 94

Palmitate

Question 95

Rate limiting step of Beta Oxidation

Answer 95

Fatty acyl CoA+carnitine to fatty acyl carnitine + CoA

Question 96

Rate limiting enzyme of Beta Oxidation

Answer 96

Carnitine Acyltransferase