Second Test

Question 1

Drug Penetration dependent upon

Answer 1

Amount of pressure/vigor of rubbing
Surface area covered
Condition of skin
Base used
Occlusive dressing use

Question 2

Ointment Bases

Answer 2

Oleaginous
Absorption
Water-removable
Water-soluble

Question 3

Oleaginous Bases

Answer 3

Hydrocarbons
Animal/vegetable/oils
Synthetic Esters
Petrolatum
Yellow/White Ointment

Question 4

Absorption Bases

Answer 4

Hydrophilic Petrolatum
Aquaphor
Aquabase
Lanolin

Question 5

Water-Removable Bases

Answer 5

Hydrophilic ointment
Vanishing Cream
Dermabase

Question 6

Water-Soluble Bases

Answer 6

Polyethylene Glycol Ointment

Question 7

Preparation of Ointments

Answer 7

Incorporation - Solubilized or as much particle size reduction as possible
Fusion - Heat highest melting point material first, add non-continuous phase

Question 8

Levigation

Answer 8

Melted ointment base used or
Mineral Oil - oleaginous, absorption, W/O emulsion bases
Glycerin/Propylene Glycol/Water - O/W emulsion, water-soluble bases

Question 9

Preservatives

Answer 9

Methylparaben
Propylparaben
Phenols
Benzoic Acid
Sorbic Acid
Quarternary Ammonium Salts

Question 10

Gelling Agents

Answer 10

Synthetic Macromolecules - Carbomer 934
Cellulose Derivatives - Carboxymethylcellulose, Hydroxypropyl methycellulose
Natural Gums - Targacanth

Question 11

Syneresis

Answer 11

When interaction between particles of the dispersed phase becomes so great that the dispersing medium is squeezed out

Question 12

Swelling

Answer 12

Taking up of liquid by a gel with an increase in volume

Question 13

Imbibition

Answer 13

Taking up of liquid without a measurable increase in volume

Question 14

Thixotropy

Answer 14

Reversible gel-sol formation with no change in volume or temperature

Question 15

Penetration Enhancers

Answer 15

Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Ethanol
Propylene Glycol
Glycerin
Polyethylene Glycol
Urea
Dimethyl Acaetamide
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Poloxamers
Spans
Tweens
Lecithin
Terpenes

Question 16

Pluronic Lecithin Organogel (PLO)

Answer 16

Aids in rapid penetration of active drugs through the skin

Question 17

Factors Affecting Rectal Absorption

Answer 17

Colonic Content
Circulation Route
pH and lack of buffering
Lipid-Water Solubility
Particle Size
Nature of Base

Question 18

Suppository Bases

Answer 18

Oleaginous

Water-Soluble/Miscible

Question 19

Oleaginous Supp. Bases

Answer 19

Cocoa Butter

Synthetic Triglyceride

Question 20

Water-Soluble/Miscible Supp. Bases

Answer 20

Glycerinated Gelatin

Polyethylene Glycol Polymers

Question 21

Methods of Suppository Preparation

Answer 21

Molding (Fusion)
Compression
Hand Rolling

Question 22

Percutaneous Absorption Enhancers

Answer 22

Acetone
Azone
Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)
Ethanol
Oleic Acid
Polyethylene Glycol
Propylene Glycol
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

Question 23

Iontophoresis

Answer 23

Delivery of charged drug across skin using electrical field

Question 24

Sonophoresis

Answer 24

High frequency ultrasound to enhance transdermal drug delivery

Question 25

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 25

What the body does to the drug

Question 26

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 26

What the drug does to the body

Question 27

Noyes-Whitney

Answer 27

Rate of dissolutionn = KS(Cs-Ct)

Question 28

Excretion of Drugs

Answer 28

Kidney, Feces, Lungs, Sweat, Saliva, Milk

Question 29

First Order Elimination

Answer 29

Cp = Ce^-kt

Question 30

Half-Life

Answer 30

half-life = 0.693/K

Question 31

Clearance

Answer 31

Cl = VxK