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second partial quiz bio Flashcards

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1
Q

the three postulates of cell theory

A
  1. all living things are composed of cells
  2. cells only arise from pre-existing cells
  3. cells are the smallest unit of life
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2
Q

1655-robert hooke

A

observed cells of a cork tree through a primitive microscope

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3
Q

1674- antonie van leewenhoek

A

observed microorganisms with the microscope he built

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4
Q

1838- matthias schleiden

A

proposed that all plants where made of cells

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5
Q

1839-theodor schwann

A

proposed that all animals where made of cells

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6
Q

1855-rudolph virchow

A

proposed that new cells were only created from pre-existing cells

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7
Q

cells is the_____

A

smallest unit of life

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8
Q

atoms are the______

A

smallest unit of matter

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9
Q

basic structure of ALL cells:

A

-plasma (cell) membrane
-genetic material (DNA)
-cytoplasm

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10
Q

the two types of cells

A

eukaryote and prokaryote

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11
Q

what does not have a prokaryote that a eukaryote does

A

nucleus
membrane bound organelles (but has a nucleoid region)

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12
Q

where did organelle-containing cells come from?

A

endosymbiosis

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13
Q

what do prokaryote cells contain?

A
  • plasma membrane
  • cell wall
  • capsule: gel-like coat coat outside of cell wall
  • flagellum: only in some bacteria. (movement)
  • fimbriae/pili: hairlike structure, allows reproduction
  • ribosomes
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14
Q

what do eukaryote cells contain?

A
  • nucleus: stores and separates DNA from the cytoplasm
  • membrane bound organelles
  • plasma membrane. located around the cytoplasm, regulates what enters and leaves the cell
  • ribosomes: protein synthesis
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15
Q

what cell has plasma (cell) membrane?

A

BOTH

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16
Q

what cell has nuclear membrane?

A

only Eukaryote

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17
Q

what cell has DNA?

A

BOTH

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18
Q

what cell has membrane bound organelles?

A

only Eukaryote

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19
Q

what cell has ribosomes?

A

BOTH

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20
Q

what cell has cell wall?

A

BOTH (eukaryote only in PLANTS)

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21
Q

what cell has reproduction? specify what type if they do

A

Prokaryote: binary fission
Eukaryote: mitosis/meiosis

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22
Q

structure and function of plasma (cell) membrane

A
  • all cells surrounded with
  • semi-permeable
  • phospholipid bilayer

barrier that protects the cell and controls what enters and leaves the cell

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23
Q

structure and function of cytoplasm

A
  • the “filling” of the cell
  • jelly-like

literal los organelles flotan en ella

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24
Q

structure and function of cytoskeleton

A
  • made up of proteins

provides support
maintains or changes cell shape
secures organelles in position
enables movement of cytoplasm and vesicles

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25
Q

structure and function of the nucleus

A
  • surrounded by a nuclear envelope with pores
  • contains: DNA, protein and Nucleolus(production of ribosomes rRNA)

stores genetic information (DNA)
*every cell in an individual contains the same DNA but which genes are turned off depends on its function

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26
Q

structure and function of ribosomes

A
  • 2 structures known as subunits
    small: place where mRNA binds and decodes
    large: the place where amino acids are included

protein synthesis which is the creation of protein

can be found in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER

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27
Q

structure and function of endoplasmic reticulum

A
  • a network of tubules and flattened sacs
  1. smooth ER: no ribosomes, after rough ER
    function: synthesis of phospholipids
  2. rough ER: close to the nucleus, has ribosomes
    function: processing and modification of proteins
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28
Q

structure and function of golgi apparatus

A

stack of 3-20 curved sacs

collects, sorts, and packages materials like proteins and lipids

29
Q

structure and function of mitochondria

A
  • powerhouse of the cell
  • double membrane: has its own DNA

gives energy
site of cellular respiration (glucose to ATP)

30
Q

structure and function of lysosomes

A

ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
- membrane bound vesicles that contain digestive enzymes

break down unwanted, foreign substances from the cell
APOPTOSIS

31
Q

structure and function of centrioles

A

ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS
cylindrical structures composed of microtubules

found in pairs and move towards opposite ends of the cell in order to aid in cell division and chromosome separation

32
Q

structure and function of cilia and flagella

A
  • composed of microtubes
  • same structure, dif length

hair like projections that help in cell movement
cilia: move things in surface
flagella: one point to another

33
Q

structure and function of vacuole

A

ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
_ membranous sacs

stores substances

34
Q

structure and function of chloroplast

A

ONLY IN PLANT CELLS
- double membrane
- contains CHLOROPHYLL (PIGMENT) necesarry for photosyntheis: color

fucntion is photosynthesis

35
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? plasma (cell) membrane

A

YES

36
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? nucleus

A

YES

37
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? ER

A

YES

38
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? ribosomes

A

YES

39
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? mitochondria

A

YES

40
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? golgi apparatus

A

YES

41
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? cytoskeleton

A

YES

42
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? cilia and flagella

A

YES (PLANT ONLY IN SOME)

43
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? centriole

A

ONLY ANIMAL

44
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? lysosome

A

ONLY ANIMAL

45
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? vacuole

A

ONLY PLANT

46
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? cell wall

A

ONLY PLANT

47
Q

do animal and plant cell have this? chloroplast

A

ONLY PLANT

48
Q

ORGANELLES ONLY IN ANIMAL CELL

A

LYSOSOME: GARBAGE COLLECTORS
CENTRIOLE: HELPS WITH CELL DIVISION

49
Q

ORGANELLES ONLY IN PLANT CELL

A

CELL WALL: PROTECTION AND STRUCTURE
CHLOROPLAST: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
VACUOLES: STORES SUBSTANCES

50
Q

why is the cell membrane semipermeable?

A

hydrophilic heads
hydrphobic tails

51
Q

what are the 2 types of cell membrane transport?

A

passive and active transport

52
Q

types of passive transport

A
  • simple difisuuion
  • fascilitated diffusion
  • osmosis
53
Q

characteristics of passive transport

A
  • does not require energy (ATP)
  • from high to low concentration
  • across gradient
54
Q

characteristics and substances of simple diffussion

A
  • does not require energy
  • from high to low concentration

substances: Gases O2 and CO2
small lipids soluble molecules

55
Q

characteristics of facilitated diffusion

A
  • does not require energy
  • from high to low concentration
  • requires a MEMBRANE PROTEIN

substances: ions, some carbs, some amino acids

56
Q

characteristics of osmosis

A
  • only for water!!!
    *universal solvent

NET MOVEMENT IF WATER across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

57
Q

definition of tonicity

A

the ability of an extracellular solution to make water move into or out of the cell by osmosis

58
Q

tonicity: hypotonic solution

A

less solute concentration than the inside of the cell

water flows in=cell bursts

59
Q

tonicity: isotonic solution

A

same concentration in solute and in the cell

no net movement of water

60
Q

tonicity: hypertonic solution

A

higher solute concentration in the solution

water leaves=cell shrinks

61
Q

types of active transport

A
  • ion pumps
  • endocytosis
  • exocytosis
62
Q

characteristics of active transport

A

requires energy ATP
from low to high concentration
against gradient

63
Q

characteristics of ion pumps

A

requires energy
from low to high concentration
pumps are molecules that move ions against the gradient

64
Q

characteristics of endocytosis

A

requires energy
movement of large molecules or bulk transportation
vesicles form as a way to transport molecules INTO the cell

phagocytosis: large molecules
pinocytosis: liquids and small particles dissolved in liquids
receptor mediated endocytosis: receptor at the cell surface are used to capture a specific molecule

65
Q

endocytosis: phagocytosis

A

large molecules

66
Q

phagocytosis: pinocytosis

A

liquids and small particles dissolves in liquids

67
Q

phagocytosis: receptor mediated endocytosis

A

receptor at the cell surface are used to capture a specific molecule

68
Q

characteristics of exocytosis

A

requires energy
movement of large molecules or bulk transportation
vesicles form as a way to transport molecules of the cell

history quiz 1 (10 decks)

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