Mexican Independence/Mexico 1821-1876 Quiz

Question 1

External causes

Answer 1

• Spain allied with France and became dependent of them/invades spain and put brother joseph as king
• spaniards unhappy
• colonies of america see an opportunity
  -ideas from french rev
  -high taxes and loans because of war costs

Question 2

internal causes

Answer 2

-social pyramid
-abuse of power(rich take land from poor)
-bourbonic reforms (spain passed good laws, affected the criollos)
-nationalism
-political office unavailable for everyone

Question 3

caste system

Answer 3

1. Peninsulares (spaniards living in new spain)
2. criollos (children of spaniards born in new mexico, limited to positions in gov)
3. mestizos (children of white and indigenous)
4. mulatos (half african + half american)
5. indigenas (natives)
6. esclavos (africans)

Question 4

what happens in the first stage?

Answer 4

• colonists insatisfied with sharing with rich + social inequity
• two conspiracies to overthrow gov
• the one in queretaro is succesfull

Question 5

important characters 1st stage

Answer 5

• Miguel Hidalgo
• Doña Josefa Ortiz & Don Miguel Dominguez
• Ignacio Allende

Question 6

el grito de dolores

Answer 6

oct 2 1810 originally but moved to sep 16 because they found out
Miguel Hidalgo

Question 7

3 groups

Answer 7

Royalists: Those who fought on behalf of the Spanish crown
2. Autonomists: Those who fought for the interests of the New Spain (conservatives)
3. Insurgents: Those who fought for the independence (ex: Hidalgo & Allende)

Question 8

Decreto de Valladolid

Answer 8

Abolition of slavery
* Exemption of taxes
* Laws for protection of lands of native people
* Set Catholicism as the main religion

Question 9

what happens in second stage

Answer 9

post hidalgo death
-indpendence was finaly defines in this stage (that was not the main intention)
- sentimientos de la nacion
- in the end jose maria morelos y pavon captured and killed

Question 10

sentimientos de la nacion

Answer 10

• america free of everyone
• catholic religion only tolerated
• liberal government to replace, explusion of spaniards
• caste system and slavery prohibited

Question 11

main characters in second stage

Answer 11

jose maria morelos y pavon

Question 12

what happens in the third stage

Answer 12

• royalists start winning
  -only surviving vicente guerrero
• fight for indpendance failing
  -napoleon exiled to st helena, ferdinand VII reinstated
  -removed all liberal ideology from gov
• spaniards rebell and accept consitution of cadiz

Question 13

main chracters in third stage

Answer 13

felix maria calleja (royalist)
vicente guerrero (liberal)
napoleon (exiled)
ferdinand VII (new king)

Question 14

what happens in the 4th stage

Answer 14

independance finally achieved
agustin de iturbide betrays royalists
embrace of acatempan
plan de iguala (feb 24 1821)

Question 15

main characters in 4th stage

Answer 15

vicente guerrero (insurgent)
agustin de iturbide (royalist traitor)

Question 16

plan de iguala

Answer 16

feb 24 1821
independant mexican nation be a constitutional monarchy
roman catholic religion be a monopoly
criollos and peninsulares equal in state

Question 17

A flag also called the Three Guarantees
was created with the representative colors:

Answer 17

Green: independence
* White: religion
* Red: union

Question 18

Treaty of Córdoba:

Answer 18

August 24, 1821,
recognized the
Mexican
independence

Question 19

effect of the war of independence

Answer 19

Economy is devastated
* Agriculture falls with the destruction of fields and
crops
* No income, external debt acquired
* Deep political & ideological divisions and social
contrasts
* Federalists vs. Centralists

Question 20

Coronation of
Iturbide as
Emperor in what year

Answer 20

1822

Question 21

constitution of 1824

Answer 21

iturbide abdicates and leaves
country wanting to separate states
provisional government installed
centralism vs federalism(wins)

Designates 20 states, 4 territories and 1 DF
National sovereignty
Division of powers
Privileges for the military and clergy (same as under Spanish rule)
No protection of individual rights/guarantees

Question 22

independant governments

Answer 22

42 presidents in 31 years with all dif ideologies

Question 23

pastry war

Answer 23

veracruz attacked by france to collect a debt
no money

Question 24

Guadalupe Hidalgo Treaty

Answer 24

Mexico
accepts the Rio Grande/Bravo as the
frontier, and agrees to give New
Mexico, Arizona and Upper California
over to the US.

Question 25

Ayutla Revolution

Answer 25

removal of santa anna

Question 26

Plan de Ayutla:

Answer 26

1854 revolution that attempted to remove
Santa Anna from power and sought to create a new
constitution

Question 27

LEY JUAREZ

Answer 27

Restricted clerical
and military
privileges by
submitting both
under civil authority

Question 28

LEY IGLESIAS

Answer 28

Prohibited the
collection of
parochial fees and
tithes (diezmo) from
the poor

Question 29

LEY LERDO

Answer 29

Prohibited civil
corporations and the
church from owning
land

Question 30

LEY OCAMPO

Answer 30

Took away voting
privileges of the
clergy

Question 31

war of reform

Answer 31

armed conflict
between conservatives and liberals due to disagreements
about the Constitution of 1857 and who would lead Mexico