partial exam history Nationalism, Unifications and Political Revolutions Flashcards
liberalism
a political philosphy based on the ideas that
- people should be as free as possible
- the basic rights of all people should be protected
what is the concert of europe?
represented the balance of power that existed in Europe from
the end of the Napoleonic Wars (1815)
post congress of vienna
nationalism
- respect for the unique identity of a people based in language, religion and symbols
- the belief that every nationality should have its own gov.
revolutions of 1830’s, which countries?
France, belgium, poland and italy
cause and effect of the french rev? (1830)
- cause: liberal
- effect: french liberals overthrew the bourbon monarch Charles X and established a constitutional monarchy
- the new monarch was Louis Phillipe
cause and effect of belgium rev? (1830)
- cause: nationalism
- effect: belgian nationalists rose up against dutch control and made an independant state
cause and effect of poland rev? (1830)
- cause. nationalism
- efffect: russian authorirties crushed a nationalist uprising and blocked efforts to establish indpendant poland.
casue and effect of italy rev?(1830)
- cause: nationalism
- effect: austrian troops put down nationalist revolts in various states.
gave them their independance
french revolution of 1789-1799
CAUSES
CHANGES
GOVERNMENT BEFORE AND POST REV
LEADERS BEFORE AND POST REV
CAUSES:
- peasants resented poverty
- the feudal system
- wealth of the burgoise
- country near bankrupt
- food shortages
government after rev was a REPUBLIC
- Leader before rev: King Louis XVI
- Leader post rev: First consul Napoeleon Bonaparte
CHANGES:
- national constituent assembly was formed
- abolished feudalism
- wrote the declaration of the rights of a man and of citizen
- national convention which later made the republic
french revolution of 1848
CAUSES
CHANGES
GOVERNMENT BEFORE AND POST REV
LEADERS BEFORE AND POST REV
CAUSES
- economic depression
- suffering to lower-middle class
- Louis Phillipe refused to extend the vote to the middle class
gov after rev REPUBLIC
Leader pre rev: King Louis Phillipe
Leader post rev: President Louis- Napoleon Bonaparte
french rev of 1830
CAUSES
CHANGES
GOVERNMENT BEFORE AND POST REV
LEADERS BEFORE AND POST REV
CAUSES:
- dissolved the cmaber of deputies
- planned new elections for the chamber
- caused most voters to lose their right to vote
- took away freedom of press
gov after rev CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
pre rev leader: king charles X
post rev leader: King Louis Phillipe
CHANGES:
- members of the chamber were nominated
- voting rights were extended instead of inhereting seats
- more property-owning men
- the importance of the roman catholic church was diminished
impact of french rev 1848 on germany
- demand for change led german rulers to promise reforms
- frankfurt assembly failed to unify germany
- demonstrations broke out in austria
- revolutionaries demanded independence for hungary and bohemia
revolutions in central europe
- within the austrian empire, the german speaking hapsburgs led a lot of nationalities
- in 1848 demonstrations errupted in major cities
- the asutrian gov moved to reassert its control
- by 1849 the revolutions had been defeated
revolutions in the italian states
- italy consisted of 9 states, all divided among european powers
- in 1848, italian revolutionaries sought liberal constituitions and a unified italy
- 1849, revolutions had failed
the crimean war 1853
- russia wanted control of the balkans=become a greater power in eastern europe
- russia invades the rukish balkans (moldovia & malachia) and the Turks (ottoman) declare war on russia.
- france, austria and great britian support turks
- russia suffers heavy losses and is forced to peace
- withdraws from european affairs after 20 years
