Second Midterm Part 2

Question 1

True or False:

We assess auditory performance using speech stimuli in order to diagnose problems in perception of speech, evaluate function and efficacy of sensory aids, and monitor progres.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

When determining which level and what listening conditioning needs to be used we check to see if patient:

can perform in either ______ conversation level or ______

______ vs _______

Answer 2

normal ; louder

quiet ; noise

Question 3

When determining which tests and test formats are developmentally appropriate we use either:

______, _______, sentences

_____ set vs _____ set

Answer 3

syllables ; words

closed ; open

Question 4

Define Sensory Primitive Level:

Answer 4

it is the basic sensory input to the child; detection is the perceptual response; can be measured physiologically or behaviorly

Question 5

Define Perceptual Representation Level:

Answer 5

it is the complex neural encoding of the stimulus ; discrimination and categorization are perceptual responses; requires more complex perception

Question 6

Define the Cognitive/Linguistic Level of Auditory Perceptual Development:

Answer 6

the complex neural/acoustic code that recognizes as words ; phonemes are perceived as words ; it is also the perception of meaning

Question 7

The following are the types of tests used to measure sensory primitive level except:

A.) Pure-Tone Audiogram

B.) Speech Awareness Threshold (SAT)

C.) GASP (Glendonald Auditory Screening Procedure)

D.) SCIPS (Screening Inventory of Perception Skills)

E.) Ling-Six Sound Test

Answer 7

D - SCIPS

*used for Perceptual Representation Level

Question 8

True or False:

SDT or SAT is primarily used with infants via VRA and uses any vocal stimulus that is captivating

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Which of the following are tests used to measure Perceptual Representation Level except?

A.) ESP (Early Speech Perception)

B.) SCIPS (Screening Inventory of Perception Skills)

C.) SAT/SDT (Speech Awareness/Detection Threshold)

D.) SPAC (Speech Pattern Contrast Test)

E.) THRIFT (Three Alternative Forced Choice Test)

Answer 9

C - SAT/SDT

Question 10

ESP - Low Verbal contrasts which two items?

Answer 10

ahhh ; hop,hop,hop

Question 11

In the SCIP you _______ for a target ______ among the _______.

Answer 11

listen ; word ; distractors

SCIP: screening inventory of perception skills

Question 12

In the THRIFT you identify which item out of _____ is different and which interval the ____ stimulus occurs.

Answer 12

three ; odd

Question 13

In the Cognitive/Linguistic Level stimuli are ______ words which can be in either ______ set or _______ set.

Answer 13

real ; closed ; open

Question 14

All of the following are closed-set word recognitiion except for:

A.) Spondee and monosyllabic word portion of ESP

B.) NU-CHIPS

C.) WIPI

D.) PBK

E.) All except for D

Answer 14

E -

PBK (Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten)

Question 15

The following are closed-set word tests with perceptual representation level except:

A.) GASP

B.) ESP

C.) ANT (Auditory Numbers Test)

D.) Monosyllabic Trochee-Spondee (MTS)

E.) All of the above

Answer 15

E - all of the above

Question 16

True or False:

Lexical Neighborhood Test is part of the Open-Set Word recognition

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False:

The Multisyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test is part of the closed set word recognition

Answer 17

False - part of the open set word recognition

Question 18

Word recognition accuracy is influenced by:

________

_________

and

________

Answer 18

Word frequency ; neighborhood density ; neighborhood words’ frequency

Question 19

True or False:

If a client suffers from hearing loss, he or she will not be able to perceive the phoneme of the target word and will select words from the wrong neighborhood

Answer 19

True

Question 20

The following are limitations of current test procedures for the sensory primitive level except:

A.) Only evaluates if a child can detect speech

B.) Does not tell you how sound is processed

C.) Appropriate for children or adults who can be conditioned

D.) All of the above

Answer 20

D - all of the above

Question 21

True or False:

Tests that assess cognitive/linguistic level are influenced by child’s lexicon and skills and children with hearing loss have gaps and or delays in lexical development

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Match the correpsonding test limitation with its appropriate test:

1.) ESP A.) too difficult and not
appropriate for children
with severe to profound
hearing loss

2. ) SCIPS B.) Single Speech Contrast
3. ) THRIFT C.) Relies on real words

Answer 22

ESP - single speech contrast

SCIPS - relies on real words (certain sound contrasts cannot be tested)

THRIFT - too difficult and not appropriate for children with severe to profound hearing loss

Question 23

True or False:

The Holt and Lalonde studied found that the Change/No Change study could be used on toddlers for up to 2.5 years.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False:

Behavioral measures informs us about the status of the auditory system.

Answer 24

False

Behavioral measures informs us about how infants hear sounds

Question 25

According to ASHA:

_____ months of age: rely on parents’ reports & physiological measures

5-6 months to _____ months: ____ is the choice of behavioral test + ABR & OAE if necessary

___ to ___ months: CPA (or VRA) + tympanometry + speech perception tests combined with developmental screening & functional assessment

Answer 25

5-6 ; 24 ; VRA ; 25 ; 60

Question 26

What is BOA:

Answer 26

one of the oldest procedures for testing infants; used infrequently now; presented with soundfield stimuli; look for reflexive or attentive behaviors

*pro: little time and equipment needed

Question 27

What are some of the limitations of BOA?

Answer 27

It is a screening procedure with limited reliability. There can be Intra and Inter subject variability as well as inter-observer variability. BOA cannot be used to diagnose degree of hearing loss

Question 28

What is VRA?

Answer 28

VRA is a form of behavioral testing which uses operant conditioning. The stimulus can either be warble tone, noise band, or speech. Reinforcement is presented to infant through the use of an animated lighted toy within a smoked Plexiglas box.

Question 29

How many phases are there in VRA?

A.) 5

B.) 2

C.) 3

D.) 4

E.) 1

Answer 29

C - 3 phases

* conditioining phase , probe phase, testing phase

Question 30

The Conditioining Phase is where:

Answer 30

tone and visual reinforcer are paired

Question 31

Probe phase is where:

Answer 31

presents the tone alone and this is the phase where the infant has been conditioned so that he/she responds only in the presence of the signal

Question 32

Testing phase is where:

Answer 32

the tone is presented alone where you wait for the Response phase, if the correct response occurs the reinforcement phase takes place

Question 33

During the testing phase of VRA you use _____ dB step sizes to descend to first nonresponse trial; then you go up in ____ dB until there is response again and then down in _____ dB.

Answer 33

20 ; 10 ; 20

Question 34

What cognitive prerequisite must be established before VRA is conducted on child?

Answer 34

object permanence

Question 35

What is VROCA?

Answer 35

Visual Reinforced Operant Conditioning Audiometry is designed for toddlers (18-36 months) where a toddler pushes a button to respond and receives reinforcement with light-up toy

Question 36

What is TROCA?

Answer 36

Designed for children with limited cognitive abilities, applicable for toddlers (18-36 monthts), toddler pushes button to respond and receives a trinket as reinforcement

*Tangibly Reinforced Operant Conditioning Audiometry

Question 37

What is CPA?

Answer 37

Conditioned Play Audiometry: lower age limit is 30 months, typically for developing children up through age 5 years.

*Recommended Frequency Order:

1000 Hz (R/L), 4000 Hz (R/L), 500 Hz (R/L), 2000 Hz (R/L), and 250 Hz (R/L)

Question 38

What are the cognitive skill prerequisites for CPA?

Answer 38

obejct permanence ; cause-effect ; turn-taking

Question 39

What are the motor skills prerequisites needed for CPA?

Answer 39

fine-motor skill to manipulate toys

Question 40

What are the cognitive skill prerequisites needed for TROCA/VROCA?

Answer 40

object permanence ; cause-effect

Question 41

What are the motor skill prerequisites needed for TROCA/VROCA?

Answer 41

pushing/pulling ; gross motor skill