Second Midterm Part 2 Flashcards
True or False:
We assess auditory performance using speech stimuli in order to diagnose problems in perception of speech, evaluate function and efficacy of sensory aids, and monitor progres.
True
When determining which level and what listening conditioning needs to be used we check to see if patient:
can perform in either ______ conversation level or ______
______ vs _______
normal ; louder
quiet ; noise
When determining which tests and test formats are developmentally appropriate we use either:
______, _______, sentences
_____ set vs _____ set
syllables ; words
closed ; open
Define Sensory Primitive Level:
it is the basic sensory input to the child; detection is the perceptual response; can be measured physiologically or behaviorly
Define Perceptual Representation Level:
it is the complex neural encoding of the stimulus ; discrimination and categorization are perceptual responses; requires more complex perception
Define the Cognitive/Linguistic Level of Auditory Perceptual Development:
the complex neural/acoustic code that recognizes as words ; phonemes are perceived as words ; it is also the perception of meaning
The following are the types of tests used to measure sensory primitive level except:
A.) Pure-Tone Audiogram
B.) Speech Awareness Threshold (SAT)
C.) GASP (Glendonald Auditory Screening Procedure)
D.) SCIPS (Screening Inventory of Perception Skills)
E.) Ling-Six Sound Test
D - SCIPS
*used for Perceptual Representation Level
True or False:
SDT or SAT is primarily used with infants via VRA and uses any vocal stimulus that is captivating
True
Which of the following are tests used to measure Perceptual Representation Level except?
A.) ESP (Early Speech Perception)
B.) SCIPS (Screening Inventory of Perception Skills)
C.) SAT/SDT (Speech Awareness/Detection Threshold)
D.) SPAC (Speech Pattern Contrast Test)
E.) THRIFT (Three Alternative Forced Choice Test)
C - SAT/SDT
ESP - Low Verbal contrasts which two items?
ahhh ; hop,hop,hop
In the SCIP you _______ for a target ______ among the _______.
listen ; word ; distractors
SCIP: screening inventory of perception skills
In the THRIFT you identify which item out of _____ is different and which interval the ____ stimulus occurs.
three ; odd
In the Cognitive/Linguistic Level stimuli are ______ words which can be in either ______ set or _______ set.
real ; closed ; open
All of the following are closed-set word recognitiion except for:
A.) Spondee and monosyllabic word portion of ESP
B.) NU-CHIPS
C.) WIPI
D.) PBK
E.) All except for D
E -
PBK (Phonetically Balanced Kindergarten)
The following are closed-set word tests with perceptual representation level except:
A.) GASP
B.) ESP
C.) ANT (Auditory Numbers Test)
D.) Monosyllabic Trochee-Spondee (MTS)
E.) All of the above
E - all of the above
True or False:
Lexical Neighborhood Test is part of the Open-Set Word recognition
True
True or False:
The Multisyllabic Lexical Neighborhood Test is part of the closed set word recognition
False - part of the open set word recognition
Word recognition accuracy is influenced by:
________
_________
and
________
Word frequency ; neighborhood density ; neighborhood words’ frequency
True or False:
If a client suffers from hearing loss, he or she will not be able to perceive the phoneme of the target word and will select words from the wrong neighborhood
True
The following are limitations of current test procedures for the sensory primitive level except:
A.) Only evaluates if a child can detect speech
B.) Does not tell you how sound is processed
C.) Appropriate for children or adults who can be conditioned
D.) All of the above
D - all of the above
True or False:
Tests that assess cognitive/linguistic level are influenced by child’s lexicon and skills and children with hearing loss have gaps and or delays in lexical development
True
Match the correpsonding test limitation with its appropriate test:
1.) ESP A.) too difficult and not
appropriate for children
with severe to profound
hearing loss
- ) SCIPS B.) Single Speech Contrast
- ) THRIFT C.) Relies on real words
ESP - single speech contrast
SCIPS - relies on real words (certain sound contrasts cannot be tested)
THRIFT - too difficult and not appropriate for children with severe to profound hearing loss
True or False:
The Holt and Lalonde studied found that the Change/No Change study could be used on toddlers for up to 2.5 years.
True
True or False:
Behavioral measures informs us about the status of the auditory system.
False
Behavioral measures informs us about how infants hear sounds
According to ASHA:
_____ months of age: rely on parents’ reports & physiological measures
5-6 months to _____ months: ____ is the choice of behavioral test + ABR & OAE if necessary
___ to ___ months: CPA (or VRA) + tympanometry + speech perception tests combined with developmental screening & functional assessment
5-6 ; 24 ; VRA ; 25 ; 60
What is BOA:
one of the oldest procedures for testing infants; used infrequently now; presented with soundfield stimuli; look for reflexive or attentive behaviors
*pro: little time and equipment needed
What are some of the limitations of BOA?
It is a screening procedure with limited reliability. There can be Intra and Inter subject variability as well as inter-observer variability. BOA cannot be used to diagnose degree of hearing loss
What is VRA?
VRA is a form of behavioral testing which uses operant conditioning. The stimulus can either be warble tone, noise band, or speech. Reinforcement is presented to infant through the use of an animated lighted toy within a smoked Plexiglas box.
How many phases are there in VRA?
A.) 5
B.) 2
C.) 3
D.) 4
E.) 1
C - 3 phases
* conditioining phase , probe phase, testing phase
The Conditioining Phase is where:
tone and visual reinforcer are paired
Probe phase is where:
presents the tone alone and this is the phase where the infant has been conditioned so that he/she responds only in the presence of the signal
Testing phase is where:
the tone is presented alone where you wait for the Response phase, if the correct response occurs the reinforcement phase takes place
During the testing phase of VRA you use _____ dB step sizes to descend to first nonresponse trial; then you go up in ____ dB until there is response again and then down in _____ dB.
20 ; 10 ; 20
What cognitive prerequisite must be established before VRA is conducted on child?
object permanence
What is VROCA?
Visual Reinforced Operant Conditioning Audiometry is designed for toddlers (18-36 months) where a toddler pushes a button to respond and receives reinforcement with light-up toy
What is TROCA?
Designed for children with limited cognitive abilities, applicable for toddlers (18-36 monthts), toddler pushes button to respond and receives a trinket as reinforcement
*Tangibly Reinforced Operant Conditioning Audiometry
What is CPA?
Conditioned Play Audiometry: lower age limit is 30 months, typically for developing children up through age 5 years.
*Recommended Frequency Order:
1000 Hz (R/L), 4000 Hz (R/L), 500 Hz (R/L), 2000 Hz (R/L), and 250 Hz (R/L)
What are the cognitive skill prerequisites for CPA?
obejct permanence ; cause-effect ; turn-taking
What are the motor skills prerequisites needed for CPA?
fine-motor skill to manipulate toys
What are the cognitive skill prerequisites needed for TROCA/VROCA?
object permanence ; cause-effect
What are the motor skill prerequisites needed for TROCA/VROCA?
pushing/pulling ; gross motor skill
