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CD 674 Pediatric Audiology > Second Midterm Part 1 > Flashcards

Second Midterm Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

True or False:

Research has shown that complex auditory capabilities are present at birth.

A

True

innate capacity for categorical speech perception

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2
Q

True or False:

The Eimas et al. used high-amplitude sucking procedure with 1 and 4 month olds to determine how they perceived differences in VOT; infants show the same categorical perception as adults

A

True

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3
Q

True or False:

Kuhl and Meltzoff found that 24 of 32 infants between 18 and 20 weeks of age preferred to look at a film of a face that matched the vowel utterance they were hearing (/a/ vs /i/)

A

True

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4
Q

What are the components of the Auditory-Vocal Link?

A.) Input: Auditory Perception and Processing

B.) Output: Speech and Spoken Langauge Organization & Production

C.) Input: Speech and Spoken Language Organization & Production

D.) Output: Auditory Perception and Processing

E.) Both A and B

A

E - A and B

Input: Auditory Perception and Processing

Output: Speech and Spoken Language Organization & Production

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5
Q

True or False:

If auditory input is compromised, spoken language will not be negatively impacted

A

False

If auditory input is compromised, spoken language will be negatively impacted

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6
Q

The infant brain is very plastic: it is influenced by patterns of ______ activity from the ______

A

auditory ; periphery

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7
Q

____ levels of the pathway (from brainstem up) can be stimulated by ______ input.

A

all ; auditory

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8
Q

The auditory system becomes functional around _____ weeks of gestation.

A

25

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9
Q

Around the third trimester the infant is able to recognize his/her _______ voice and native language.

A

mother’s voice

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10
Q

There are how many postnatal stages of auditory development?

A.) 5

B.) 3

C.) 2

D.) 6

E.) 7

A

B - 3

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11
Q

Stage I of postnatal auditory development consists of:

______ encoding of _______ characteristics of ______

A

neural ; fundamental ; sound

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12
Q

Stage II of postnatal auditory development consists of:

using of _______ in sound in _______ ways

A

information ; specific

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13
Q

Stage III of postnatal auditory development consists of:

________ sound in more of an ______ way

A

approach ; adult

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14
Q

The following happens during Stage I of Neural Encoding:

A.) develop the neural encoding of auditory input

B.) Immature frequency discrimination

C.) Immature frequency resolution

D.) poorer hearing thresholds than adults

E.) all of the avove

A

E - all of the above

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15
Q

True or False:

In general auditory evoked potentials tend to improve as child grows older

A

True

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16
Q

During Stage II - Increasing Specificity and Selectivity the following occurs:

A.) Developing the ability to pull out speech from noise

B.) Use new information to distinguish sounds

C.) Ability to attend to finer details as opposed to global cues

D.) Fine temporal tuning

E.) all of the above

A

E - All of the above

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17
Q

During Stage III - Flexibility in Sound Processing the following occurs:

A.) Neural mechanisms involved in coding sound mature

B.) Children become more specific in the way that they listen to sound

C.) Children between 9 and 12 years of age are less flexible in their ability to identify sounds when given one cue as opposed to multiple cues

D.) Are able to choose acoustic information to identify sounds by late teenage years

E.) All of the above

A

E - all of the above

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18
Q

Auditory Development consists of four domains and they are:

HINT: D.D.I.C

A

Detection ; Discrimination; Identification ; Comprehension

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19
Q

Within the domain of Detection there are subskills that are an integral part of auditory development:

HINT:

A.D.L.P

A

Auditory Attention ; Distance Hearing ; Localization ; Patterning

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20
Q

True or False:

Discrimination’s subskil; is self monitoring

A

True

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21
Q

Identification has two subskills:

HINT: S.P.

A

Sequential Memory, Processing

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22
Q

Define Detection:

A

hearing a sound without knowing what it means or where it came from

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23
Q

Define Auditory Attention:

A

anticipating or paying attention to auditory signals over short to longer periods of time

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24
Q

Define Distance Hearing:

A

attending to sounds in distance

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25
Q

Define Localization:

A

searching for sounds

26
Q

Define Patterning:

A

differentiating between sounds based the patterns of those sounds

27
Q

Define Self-Monitoring:

A

monitoring information through listening and modifying speech productions based on what was heard, especially as it was related to duration, rhythm, pitch, loudness, vowels and consonant sounds

28
Q

Identification is close to discrimination but the child labels by ______, _______, or _______ the stimulus heard.

A

repeating ; pointing ; writing

29
Q

Auditory Sequential Memory is the _____, ______, and _____ auditory information and language it was presented.

A

storing ; remembering ; recalling

30
Q

Auditory Processing is making ______ judgments about was ________.

A

cognitive ; heard

31
Q

In order for comprehension to take place the following needs to be present:

A

auditory memory and sequencing

32
Q

Some of the challenges faced for children with hearing loss:

A.) Early identification of hearing loss

B.) Early, consistent use of advanced hearing instruments

C.) Early access to auditory-based language learning in the home

D.) Access to knowledgeable and skilled professionals

E.) All of the above

A

E - all of the above

33
Q

Define neural plasticity:

A

the ability for change to occur in the sensory system responsible for the transmission of sensory input

34
Q

Some of the peripheral changes you see in deafness are:

A.) degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons

B.) More degeneration in the basal turn

C.) degeneration in the peripheral process first, then cell body and axons

D.) Less degeneration in the basal turn

E.) All except for D

A

E

35
Q

True or False:

The central changes that happens with deafness is “downregulation” or the cell changes in size, activity, and synaptic structure.

A

True

36
Q

True or False:

Typically developing children learn speech and spoken language through audition.

A

True

37
Q

True or False:

Majority of children who are deaf or hard of hearing are using spoken language and learning in regular education settings.

A

True

38
Q

What is happening in this picture?

A

Degeneration of peripheral neurons (8th nerve) due to long-term deafness

39
Q

What is the Ling-Six Sound Test?

A

daily perceptual check of detection and discriminatin of speech sounds

*six sounds representing the frequency range of the entire speech spectrum

/u/,/m/,/a/,Sh,/s/

40
Q

What is Developmental Psychoacoustics?

A

the study of how human listeners hear, detect, discriminate and identify basic characteristics of sound

41
Q

Three important questions concerning hearing in infants and children are:

A

effect of development; effect of methodology; and effects of non-auditory processes

42
Q

True or False;

Auditory Sensitivity thresholds are greater than infants and children in comparison to adults

A

False - auditory sensitivity thresholds are poorer than infants and children in comparison to adults

43
Q

At 3 months, thresholds are _____ dB greater than adults

A

15-30

44
Q

At 6-12 months, thresholds are about ___ higher than adults

A

10

45
Q

Prior to 6 months of age, thresholds are closer to adults in _________ frequencies.

A

low

46
Q

There is a significant improvment in sensitivity between 3 and 6 months in the ______ frequencies.

A

high

47
Q

The reason due to improvement in higher frequencies is due to _________.

A

inner ear maturation

48
Q

The reason as to why auditory sensitivity improvement in the low and mid frequencies is due to ________.

A

outer and middle ear maturation

49
Q

In the Sinnot and Aslin study found intensity difference limens of ___ to ____ dB for infants, with adults showing a different limen of 1.78 dB.

A

3 ; 12

50
Q

Intensity Discrmination appears to be adult-like at:

A.) 3 years of age

B.) 5 years of age

C.) 8 years of age

D.) 6 years of age

E.) 10 years of age

A

D - 6 years of age

51
Q

What is auditory temporal resolution?

A

the shortest time period which the ear can discriminate two signals

52
Q

Temporal Resolution becomes adult-like around:

A.) 9 years of age

B.) 7 years of age

C.) 6 years of age

D.) 4 years of age

E.) 2 years of age

A

C - 6 years of age

53
Q

Infants have _____ tuning curves than adults at 4 and 8 kHz.

A

broader

54
Q

The auditory filter widths mature between _____ and _____ months.

A

3 ; 6

55
Q

Some of the perceptual consequences infants have as broadband listeners are:

A.) sensitivity to features adults don’t hear

B.) more distracted by non-relevant stimuli

C.) higher thresholds for tone in noise and susceptibility to masking in everyday life

D.) Only B

E.) A, B, and C

A

E

56
Q

In the Werner and Bargones study found that infants had significantly _____ thresholds in noise than in quiet.

A

higher

57
Q

True or False:

The Muir and Field study found that full-term newborns would turn toward the sound of a rattle on 75 to 90% of trials.

A

True

58
Q

Infants will only lateralize sounds only in a lateral plane until approximately ____ months.

A.) 8 months

B.) 6 months

C.) 5 months

D.) 7 months

E.) 10 months

A

D - 7 months

59
Q

Between 7 and 9 months infants will start to localize sounds ______ them.

A.) In front of

B.) below

C.) above

D.) beside

E.) behind

A

B - below them

60
Q

Between 13 and 16 months infants will start to localize sounds that are _____ them.

A.) above

B.) behind

C.) beside

D.) below

E.) in front of

A

A - above

61
Q
A

CD 674 Pediatric Audiology (6 decks)

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