Final Exam Part 2

Question 1

What are some things in which can lead to Otitis Media?

Answer 1

Eustachian tube dysfunction

air absorbed in mucosal lining of middle ear

negative pressure in middle ear

fluid from mucosal lining fills middle ear

Question 2

What are some common pathogens that can cause Otitis Media?

Answer 2

streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 3

True or False

An bacterial or viral infection which lasts for only a short time are the characteristics for Acute Otitis Media

Answer 3

True

Symptoms - pain and fever

usually short duration and sudden appearance

can be treated with antibiotics

may persist for several months

Question 4

True or False

OME is characterized with effusion that is thin and watery, generally without infection, resolves in 12 weeks, if recurrent PE tubes may help

Answer 4

True

Question 5

This type of otitis media is characterized with middle ear infection, TM perforation, chronic drainage, mastoiditis, and can develop SNHL

Answer 5

Chronic Otitis Media

Question 6

This is found in chronic otitis media and is the accumulation of debris from perforations of the TM

Answer 6

Cholesteatoma

Question 7

What are some common symptoms of otitis media?

Answer 7

earache, rubbing/tugging of ears, otorrhea, hearing loss, fever, restless sleep, irritability

Question 8

What are the diagnostic results in which indicates otitis media?

Answer 8

Immittance - Type B tympanogram
Absent acoustic reflex
Audiometry - conductive hearing loss

Question 9

What type of hearing loss is associated with Otitis Media?

Answer 9

Conductive hearing loss

*pure tone thresholds can vary from within normal limits to 50 dB HL

Question 10

The following are common treatments for OM?

A.) antibiotics

B.) antihistamine/decongestant

C.) adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy

D.) Myringotomy with PE tubes

E.) All of the above

Answer 10

E -all of the above

Question 11

This disorder is the difficulty in the perceptual processing of auditory information

Answer 11

CAPD

Central Auditory Processing Disorder

Question 12

True or False

CAPD is a linguistic processing, cognitive processing, and attention deficit

Answer 12

False

Question 13

The following are common complaints of CAPD:

A.) difficulty hearing in noise

B.) poor spatial localization

C.) poor musical abilities

D.) difficulty following verbal commands

E.) all of the above

Answer 13

E - all of the above

Question 14

What components make up the ‘central auditory processing’?

Answer 14

sound localization and lateralization

auditory discrimination

auditory pattern recognition

temporal aspects of audition

auditory performance in competing acoustic signals

Question 15

Prior to starting a test battery for CAPD one should:

Answer 15

*check for peripheral hearing

*check for cognitive ability

*check for language competence

*check for any comorbid characteristics (ADHD, language disorders, etc.)

*check for speech intelligibility

*make sure to have proper instruments for task (validity and reliability)

Question 16

The first round of test batteries takes on the electrophysiological aspect and they are:

Answer 16

ABR

P300

MMN (mismatch negativity)

MOC (medial olivary complex) reflex using OAE

Question 17

The role of the MOC reflex is:

Answer 17

protection from acoustic trauma, aiding in selective attention, and reducing the masking effects of noise

Question 18

The other test battery for CAPD takes on behavioral measures and they are:

Answer 18

dichotic listening

temporal processing

low redundancy speech

binaural inattention

auditory discrimination

Question 19

This type of behavioral measure assesses the ability to separate or integrate disparate auditory stimuli presented to each ear

Answer 19

Dichotic listening

i.e. dichotic digits test

dichotic words

dichotic sentence identification test

Question 20

This behavioral measure assesses the ability to interpret timing aspects of acoustic stimuli

Answer 20

Temporal Processing

i.e. GIN (Gaps in Noise) present noise in gaps of silence
*gaps of different durations and locations within noise
*non frequency specific signals
*scores not influenced by hearing loss

Question 21

This behavioral measures assesses the ability to interpret degraded speech

Answer 21

Low-Redundancy Speech

i.e. Synthetic sentence identification with noise

listening in Spatialized Noise Test (LISN-S)
*present competing noise in different Azimuth while listening to speech presented at 0 degree
*HINT: Hearing in Noise Test

Question 22

This behavioral measure assesses how auditory input works together from both ears

Answer 22

Binaural Interaction

i.e. Localization and LISN-S

Question 23

This behavioral measure assesses the ability to discriminate acoustic stimuli that differ in frequency, intensity and duration

Answer 23

Auditory Discrimination

i.e. Phoneme Discrimination

Question 24

What are the components in which consists of a remediation plan for individuals with CAPD?

Answer 24

Environmental Modifications

Compensatory Strategies

Auditory Training/Therapy

Question 25

Environmental Modifications can be anything from:

Answer 25

minimizing classroom noise
*preferred noise level in classroom is 10 dB SNR, in reality ranged -7 dB to 5dB SNR

*Fitting FM system

(beneficial for high-risk listeners, non-native listeners, children with HL, learning disorders of ADHD)

Question 26

Compensatory Strategies are:

Answer 26

ways that help to develop specific linguistic skills

i.e. CLASS (Classroom Language and Auditory Strategies for Success)

Question 27

Auditory Training/Therapy consists of:

Answer 27

Formal Auditory Therapy

Computer Mediated Auditory Training Programs
*i.e. Fast Forword
Earobics
Brain Train
Laureate Training Systems
LACE (Listening and Communication Enhancement)

Question 28

ANSD can be measured through:

Answer 28

OAE and CM

(otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonic)

Question 29

What are some of the abnormal measures seen in ANSD?

Answer 29

absent or highly abnormal ABRs

absent or abnormal acoustic reflex (MMR - middle ear muscle reflex)

absent or abnormal MOC (medial olivocochlear reflex - measured in OAE response)

Question 30

What are some of the characteristics that ANSD patients may demonstrate?

Answer 30

impaired speech understanding, especially in NOISE

normal to severely impaired speech detection

normal to sever pure tone thresholds

difficulty with temporal processing

audiograms may be misleading

Question 31

The typical diagnostic findings in individuals with ANSD are:

Answer 31

normal (or near normal) Cochlear hair cells
*Present OAEs
*Present Cochlear Microphonic

absent or abnormal auditory nerve function
*absent (severely abnormal) ABR
*absent acoustic reflexes

Question 32

The following are some of the comprehensive assessments conducted on individuals with ANSD:

A.) Pediatric/developmental evaluation and history

B.) Otologic evaluation

C.) Medical genetics evaluation

D.) CT/MRI of cochlea and auditory nerve

E.) All of the above

Answer 32

E - all of the above

*including neurological evaluation and communication assessment

Question 33

What are some associated medical conditions with ANSD?

Answer 33

Anoxia
Hyperbillirubinemia
Infectious processes (e.g. Mumps)
Immune disorders (e.g. Gullain-Barre Syndrome)
Genetic and Syndromal (hereditary sensory motor neuropathy/ mitochondrial enzymatic defecit / olivo-pontine cerebellar degeneration)