Final Exam Part 2 Flashcards
What are some things in which can lead to Otitis Media?
Eustachian tube dysfunction
air absorbed in mucosal lining of middle ear
negative pressure in middle ear
fluid from mucosal lining fills middle ear
What are some common pathogens that can cause Otitis Media?
streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Moraxella catarrhalis
True or False
An bacterial or viral infection which lasts for only a short time are the characteristics for Acute Otitis Media
True
Symptoms - pain and fever
usually short duration and sudden appearance
can be treated with antibiotics
may persist for several months
True or False
OME is characterized with effusion that is thin and watery, generally without infection, resolves in 12 weeks, if recurrent PE tubes may help
True
This type of otitis media is characterized with middle ear infection, TM perforation, chronic drainage, mastoiditis, and can develop SNHL
Chronic Otitis Media
This is found in chronic otitis media and is the accumulation of debris from perforations of the TM
Cholesteatoma
What are some common symptoms of otitis media?
earache, rubbing/tugging of ears, otorrhea, hearing loss, fever, restless sleep, irritability
What are the diagnostic results in which indicates otitis media?
Immittance - Type B tympanogram
Absent acoustic reflex
Audiometry - conductive hearing loss
What type of hearing loss is associated with Otitis Media?
Conductive hearing loss
*pure tone thresholds can vary from within normal limits to 50 dB HL
The following are common treatments for OM?
A.) antibiotics
B.) antihistamine/decongestant
C.) adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy
D.) Myringotomy with PE tubes
E.) All of the above
E -all of the above
This disorder is the difficulty in the perceptual processing of auditory information
CAPD
Central Auditory Processing Disorder
True or False
CAPD is a linguistic processing, cognitive processing, and attention deficit
False
The following are common complaints of CAPD:
A.) difficulty hearing in noise
B.) poor spatial localization
C.) poor musical abilities
D.) difficulty following verbal commands
E.) all of the above
E - all of the above
What components make up the ‘central auditory processing’?
sound localization and lateralization
auditory discrimination
auditory pattern recognition
temporal aspects of audition
auditory performance in competing acoustic signals
Prior to starting a test battery for CAPD one should:
*check for peripheral hearing
*check for cognitive ability
*check for language competence
*check for any comorbid characteristics (ADHD, language disorders, etc.)
*check for speech intelligibility
*make sure to have proper instruments for task (validity and reliability)
The first round of test batteries takes on the electrophysiological aspect and they are:
ABR
P300
MMN (mismatch negativity)
MOC (medial olivary complex) reflex using OAE
The role of the MOC reflex is:
protection from acoustic trauma, aiding in selective attention, and reducing the masking effects of noise
The other test battery for CAPD takes on behavioral measures and they are:
dichotic listening
temporal processing
low redundancy speech
binaural inattention
auditory discrimination
This type of behavioral measure assesses the ability to separate or integrate disparate auditory stimuli presented to each ear
Dichotic listening
i.e. dichotic digits test
dichotic words
dichotic sentence identification test
This behavioral measure assesses the ability to interpret timing aspects of acoustic stimuli
Temporal Processing
i.e. GIN (Gaps in Noise) present noise in gaps of silence
*gaps of different durations and locations within noise
*non frequency specific signals
*scores not influenced by hearing loss
This behavioral measures assesses the ability to interpret degraded speech
Low-Redundancy Speech
i.e. Synthetic sentence identification with noise
listening in Spatialized Noise Test (LISN-S)
*present competing noise in different Azimuth while listening to speech presented at 0 degree
*HINT: Hearing in Noise Test
This behavioral measure assesses how auditory input works together from both ears
Binaural Interaction
i.e. Localization and LISN-S
This behavioral measure assesses the ability to discriminate acoustic stimuli that differ in frequency, intensity and duration
Auditory Discrimination
i.e. Phoneme Discrimination
What are the components in which consists of a remediation plan for individuals with CAPD?
Environmental Modifications
Compensatory Strategies
Auditory Training/Therapy
Environmental Modifications can be anything from:
minimizing classroom noise
*preferred noise level in classroom is 10 dB SNR, in reality ranged -7 dB to 5dB SNR
*Fitting FM system
(beneficial for high-risk listeners, non-native listeners, children with HL, learning disorders of ADHD)
Compensatory Strategies are:
ways that help to develop specific linguistic skills
i.e. CLASS (Classroom Language and Auditory Strategies for Success)
Auditory Training/Therapy consists of:
Formal Auditory Therapy
Computer Mediated Auditory Training Programs
*i.e. Fast Forword
Earobics
Brain Train
Laureate Training Systems
LACE (Listening and Communication Enhancement)
ANSD can be measured through:
OAE and CM
(otoacoustic emissions and cochlear microphonic)
What are some of the abnormal measures seen in ANSD?
absent or highly abnormal ABRs
absent or abnormal acoustic reflex (MMR - middle ear muscle reflex)
absent or abnormal MOC (medial olivocochlear reflex - measured in OAE response)
What are some of the characteristics that ANSD patients may demonstrate?
impaired speech understanding, especially in NOISE
normal to severely impaired speech detection
normal to sever pure tone thresholds
difficulty with temporal processing
audiograms may be misleading
The typical diagnostic findings in individuals with ANSD are:
normal (or near normal) Cochlear hair cells
*Present OAEs
*Present Cochlear Microphonic
absent or abnormal auditory nerve function
*absent (severely abnormal) ABR
*absent acoustic reflexes
The following are some of the comprehensive assessments conducted on individuals with ANSD:
A.) Pediatric/developmental evaluation and history
B.) Otologic evaluation
C.) Medical genetics evaluation
D.) CT/MRI of cochlea and auditory nerve
E.) All of the above
E - all of the above
*including neurological evaluation and communication assessment
What are some associated medical conditions with ANSD?
Anoxia
Hyperbillirubinemia
Infectious processes (e.g. Mumps)
Immune disorders (e.g. Gullain-Barre Syndrome)
Genetic and Syndromal (hereditary sensory motor neuropathy/ mitochondrial enzymatic defecit / olivo-pontine cerebellar degeneration)
