First Midterm Flashcards
Which of the following are consequences to delaying hearing loss identification?
A.) Communicative
B.) Social
C.) Emotional
D.) Cognitive
E.) All of the above
E - All of the above
Communicative, Social, Emotional, Cognitive, and Academic
What is the purpose for EHDI (Early Hearing Detection and Intervention)?
To maximize linguistic competence and literacy development for children who are Deaf or hard of hearing
What is the role of SLP in regards to the EHDI process?
A.) Administration of hearing screening to newborns and toddlers
B.) Identification of infants presenting with risk indicators for late onset hearing loss
C.) Providing Speech-Language Therapy for children showing communication delays as consequence of hearing loss
D.) Providing parent counseling about the importance of hearing screening and follow-up
E.) All of the above
E - All of the above
True or False: Approximately 3 in 1000 children are born with congenital, significant permanent, bilateral hearing loss.
True
True or False: Every day about 33 infants are born each day in the United States with permanent hearing loss.
True
True or False: 2 additional children in 1000 will acquire deafness in early childhood
False - 3 additional children in 1000 will acquire deafness in early childhood
About how many percent of children are born with permanent hearing loss from two hearing parents?
A.) 80%
B.) 50%
C.) 69%
D.) 92%
E.) 10%
D - 92%
True or False: Hearing loss affets 12,000 children born in the United States each year, making it the most uncommon birth defect
False - Hearing loss affects 12,000 children born in the United States each year, making it the most common birth defect
True or False: Infants who spend time in the ICN (Intensive Care Nursery) during the newborn period are at a lower risk for hearing loss.
False - Infants who spend time in the ICN during the newborn period are at a higher risk for hearing loss
True or False: Since the initiation of hearing screening and EHDI prorams, the average of hearing loss identification has decreased to 2-3 months of age.
True
Fill in the blank: About 90% of children’s knowledge is attributed to ________ of sounds around them.
incidental reception
True or False: An estimated 5 million school days are missed every year due to otitis media.
True
True or False: All children will develop some period of hearing loss related to ear infections from birth to 10 years of age.
False- Nearly all children will develop some period of hearing loss related to ear infections from birth to 10 years of age
About what percent of children who receive hearing screenings at school fail because they can’t hear within normal limits?
A.) 5-10%
B.) 15-20%
C.) 10-15%
D.) 25-30%
E.) 35-40%
C - 10-15%
Be able to explain how we hear sound
Outer Ear (acoustic energy)
Middle Ear (mechanical energy)
Inner Ear (electro-chemical energy)
*Basilar Membrane
*Traveling Wave
*Responses of hair cells
Auditory Nerve (electrical energy)
Sound representation in the central auditory system
Outer Ear consists of these primary parts:
Pinna and Ear Canal
*outer 2/3 cartilaginous & inner 1/3 bone
Which of the following are roles of the Outer Ear?
A.) Protection of the middle and inner ear structures
B.) Amplifies high frequency sounds (OE resonance)
C.) Helps in determining where a sound is coming from
D.) A, B, and C
E.) None of the above
D - A, B, and C
The components of the middle ear are:
Ossicles, Oval Window, Eustachian Tube, Tensor Tympani Muscle, and Stapedius Muscle
The cochlea is divided into three components which are:
Scala Vestibuli, Scala Media, and Scala Tympani
True or False: The cochlea is snail shaped and has about 2 3/4 turns.
True
What are the classifications for types of hearing loss?
A.) Conductive
B.) Sensorineural
C.) Mixed Hearing Loss
D.) (Central) Auditory Processing Disorder
E.) All of the above
E - All of the above
The type of hearing loss that is caused by attenuation of sound as it travels from the outer ear to the cochlea.
Conductive Hearing Loss
Which of the following are some common causes of conductive hearing disorder?
A.) Atresia
B.) Middle Ear Anomalies
C.) Otitis Media with Effusion
D.) Excessive Cerumen
E.) All of the above
E- All of the above
*look at Table 2.1 on page 9 of book
This type of hearing loss is caused by a failure in the cochlear transduction of sound from the mechanical vibrations of the middle ear to neural impulses in the eighth cranial nerve
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
True or False: Conductive hearing loss will cause a reduction to sensitivity in higher frequency sound.
True - “A pathologic condition that affects the physical mass of the outer and middle ear mechanism will reduce sensitivity to higher-frequency sound
Which of the following are common causes of sensory hearing disorder?
A.) Inner ear anomalies
B.) Mumps
C.) Rubella
D.) Cytomegalovirus
E.) All of the above
E - All of the above
*look Table 2.2 for full list
True or False: Hearing sensitivity loss is the hallmark of a sensory disorder and ranges from mild to profound.
True
Which of the follwing are considered factors that can change the effect of hearing loss?
A.) Severity
B.) Configuration
C.) Duration
D.) Stability
E.) All of the above
E - All of the above
Severity, Configuration, Duration, Stability, Age of Onset
Chromosome are _______
strands of genes
Autosomes = ?? pair
22
*Sex chromosome 1 pair (23)
*Sums to a total of 46
This is the segment of DNA that controls protein synthesis
Gene
The physical location of a gene on a chromosome
Locus (loci)
Alternative forms of the gene that can occur at a locus
Allele
What is inherited
*HINT: You don’t see this one*
- Genotype*
- i.e. Hh, TT, etc.*
That which is expressed
Phenotype
During gastrulation, three layers are developed:
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm
Of the three germ layers this one is dedicated to the neural tissue, retina, cochlea, olfactory tissue, skin, glands
Ectoderm
This germ layer is dedicated the connective tissue (cartilage and bone), muscle, kidneys, heart, gonads, spleen
Mesoderm
The germ layers that is dedicated to forming the epithelial lining of eustachian tube, middle ear cavity, digestive system, respiratory system, liver, and pancreas
Endoderm
During this week of development, the primitive nervous system develops
3rd week
The _____ is the precursor of axial skeleton
Notochord
*It has a ectodermal-lined Primitive Groove and Fold
*Then becomes the Neural Groove and Neural Fold
*This is the beginning of the formation of the ear
By the fourth week, the following structures are identified:
Auditory (otic) placode –> Auditory Pit –> Auditory Vesicle
True or False: There are four pharyngeal arches (only focusing on three)
True: Mandibular, Hyoid, Glossopharyngeal, and Superior Laryngeal ? (there is no name for last one)
Each of the pharyngeal arches have two distinctive features and they are called:
pharyngeal groove (ectoderm) & pharyngeal pouch (endoderm)
The Pinna is formed from these two pharyngeal arches:
Mandibular & Hyoid
The landmarks seen on the Pinna are from these hill-like formations
hillocks
*landmarks develop by the 5th week
The first pharyngeal groove forms the ____ and _____.
A.) Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Cavity
B.) Malleus and Incus
C.) Concha and External Auditory Meatus
D.) Tympanic Membrane and Malleus
C - Concha and External Auditory Meatus
The first pharyngeal pouch forms into ______ and ______.
Eustachian Tube and Middle Ear Cavity
The approximation of the pharyngeal groove and pouch forms into the ________
tympanic membrane
True or False: The Anterior end of the Mandibular Arch ossifies, forming into the malleus and incus
False - The Posterior end of the Mandibular Arch ossifies, forming into the malleus and incus
The Hyoid Arch later forms into the ______.
Stapes
The muscular components (mesoderm) of the _______ forms into the _________ muscle.
mandibular arch; tensor tympani
The muscular (mesoderm) components of the _______ form into the ________ muscle.
hyoid arch; stapedius
By the ___ week all of the major structures of the middle ear are present.
A.) 4th
B.) 7th
C.) 11th
D.) 9th
E.) 8th
D - 9th
By week ____ - _____ of gestation, the ossicles have attained adult dimensions.
21-23
The _____ cells begin to develop near the end of gestation.
mastoid
The process where air cavities are being formed in the temporal bone.
pneumatization
During the 3rd week the ______ placodes begins to thicken on either side of the open neural plate.
auditory
(otic pit)
*placodes sink into the mesoderm and becomes the otic pits
The otocyst or auditory vesicle has three major parts:
saccular, utricular, and cochlear
In ____ weeks, it begins taking the shape of the vestibular portion of the labyrinth and then the longer portion into the saccular area of the cochlea.
4.5
By the ____ week, 3 arch-like outpockets become the Semi-Circular canals AND the Utricle and Saccule become more divided.
6th
By this week the 1st coil is complete, the hair cells have differentiated in utricle and saccule, and the round window niche develops
7th
During these weeks the chochlea will have completed 2.5 coils
8.5 - 11 weeks
On this week the epithelial has thickened on the floor of the cochlear duct which has differentiated into two cells (sensory cells & supporting cells)
12th
The sensory end organs first appear
*thickening of epithelium in both utricle and saccule
HINT: Lucky Number
7th week
Epithelial thickening in ampullated ends of semicircular canals
8th week
At this point of development the inner ear reaches full adult configuration
3rd Month
The outer hair cells are identified in both basal and apical turns of the cochlea
16th week
*4 months
The total number of hair cells are distinguished
17th week
The inner hair cells have reached adult configuration
20th week
The outer hair cells have reached adult configuration
22-25 weeks
Originates from the otic placode and neural crest cells
4th week
Nerve fibers begin to contact ventromedial wall of otocyst from vestibular ganglion
5th week
Vestibular ganglion forms four nerve trunks which innervate the semicircular canals (utricle and saccule)
7th week
The efferent fibers contact inner hair cells
11-12th week
Efferent nerve fibers within Tunnel of Corti
18th week
Afferent connections from IHCs up to the brainstem are established
20-30 weeks
Tectorial Membrane maturation occurs at this time
30-35 weeks
