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CD 674 Pediatric Audiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

The typical probe tone for tympanometry is:

A.) 300 Hz

B.) 275 Hz

C.) 226 Hz

D.) 400 Hz

E.) 700 Hz

A

C - 226 Hz

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2
Q

When conducting tympanometry on infants, it is best to use either ____ Hz or _____.

A

800 / 1000

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3
Q

This is the measurment of tympanic membrane and middle ear mobility

A

Static immittance

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4
Q

Normative data for adults:

Mean: ____ mmho

___% range = ___ to ____ mmho

A

0.8 / 90/ 0.3/ 1.4

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5
Q

Normative data for children:

Mean: ____ mmho

____% range: ____ to ____ mmho

A

0.5 / 90 / 0.2 / 0.9

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6
Q

True or False: Ear canal volume normative data for adults is: mean - 1.5 mL

A

True

Mean: 1.5mL

90% range: 0.6 to 1.5 mL

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7
Q

Ear Canal Volume Normative Data for children:

Mean: ____ mL

90% range: _____ to _____ mL

A

0.7 / 0.4 / 1.0

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8
Q

As suggested by ASHA you take the tympanometric shape by using the ____ of the tympanogram at the ___% amplitude point.

A

width / 50

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9
Q

Normative for tympanometric width for adults:

Mean: ___ daPa

90% range: ____ to ____ daPa

A

80 / 50 / 110

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10
Q

Normative data for tympanometric width for children:

Mean: ____ daPa

90% range: ____ to _____ daPa

A

100 / 60 / 150

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11
Q
A

Normal

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12
Q
A

Type As : normal middle ear pressure with decreased static compliance (hypomobile tympanic membrane)

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13
Q
A

Type Ad : normal middle ear pressure with increased static compliance, hypermobile tympanic membrane

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14
Q
A

Type B: flat tympanogram, signs of middle ear effusion or perforation

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15
Q
A

Type C: excessive negative pressure; eustachian tube dysfuntion or middle ear pathology

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16
Q
A

a : Vec normal –> M.E. effusion

b: Vec small –> improper placement of cerumen
c: Vec large –> perforation of PE tube

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17
Q

These three things affect tympanometry measurement:

A

tympanic membrane size, thickness, and angle

mastoid pneumatization

ear canal wall stiffness

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18
Q

True or False: as the tympanic membrane becomes thinner, it becomes less stiff and more compliant

A

True

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19
Q

True or False: Instead of using 226 Hz tone for infants, it is recommended to use 800 or 1000 Hz to see true tympanometry

A

True

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20
Q

What is the source of the otoacoustic emissions?

A

Outer Hair Cells

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21
Q

OHC motility generates movements of the __ and fluid in the cochlea

A

Basilar Membrane

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22
Q

There are two types of emissions (OAEs):

A

spontaneous

evoked

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23
Q

True or False: Evoked Otoacoustic emissions are a threshold measure.

A

False

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24
Q

True or False: Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions are presented with two tones and a distortion production

A

False - Distortion Product OAEs present two tones and the distortion product is only used for measure

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25
Q

True or False:

DPOAE is broadspectrum

A

False - TEOAE are broadspectrum

DPOAE are frequency specific

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26
Q

True or False:

The stimulus for TEOAEs are short clicks (broadband)

A

True

27
Q

The measured tone for DPOAE is done by:

_f1 - f2

A

2

i.e. F1 = 1500 ; F2 = 2000

2(1500) - 2000

3000 - 2000 = 1000 Hz

28
Q

True or False: DPOAEs are created due to the interaction of two pure tones presented at the same time

A

True

29
Q

True or False:

Infants have low amplitude, and narrowband spectrum emissions

A

False - high amplitude; broadband

30
Q

True or False:

Some clinical considerations mentioned by Widen (1996); you should imittance first before you do OAEs

A

True - check for middle ear effusion

31
Q

The tools for measuring OAE:

the ____ : delivers the working stimulus

the ____ : records the emissions

A

transducer

microphone

32
Q

True or False:

For TEOAEs there are two separate transducers when conducting measurments

A

False ; only for DPOAE

33
Q

In TEOAE, the recorded response goes through a amplifier, filter, and _______.

A

time averager

34
Q

In DPOAE, the recorded response goes through an amplifier, filter, and a _______.

A

spectrum analyzer

35
Q

OAEs for pediatrics is useful for the following reasons:

A.) Neonatal hearinig screening

B.) Predicting hearing status or for pseudohypoacoustic patients

C.) Montior cochlear status during ototoxic drug administration

D.) Distinguish from retrocochlear hearing loss

E.) all of the above

A

E -all of the above

36
Q

True or False: ABR is the most common AEP used for diagnostic purposes

A

True

37
Q

AEP is divided into three segements:

____ : 1 to 10 msec

_____ : 10 - 100 msec

_____ : 100 - 1000 msec

A

ABR / MLR / LLR

Auditory brainstem response / middle latency response / long latency response

38
Q

AEP is defined as:

A

measure of synchronous electrical imipulses of the auditory pathway in response to an auditory stimulus

39
Q

The following are recorded responses rarely seen in infants and children:

A.) MLR

B.) ECoG

C.) CAEP

D.) LLR

E.) all of the above

A

E - all of the above

40
Q

Match the ABR Wave Generators: Waves I - V

A.) Wave I Inferior Colliculus

B.) Wave II Cochlear Nucleus

C.) Wave III Lateral Lemniscus

D.) Wave IV VIIIth Nerve

E.) Wave V Superior Olivary Complex

A

A.) Wave I - VIIIth Nerve

B.) Wave II - Cochlear Nucleus

C.) Wave III - Superior Olivary Complex

D.) Wave IV - Lateral Lemniscus

E.) Wave V - Inferior Colliculus

41
Q

The interwave latencies for Waves I - III are:

A

about 1.5 - 4 msec

42
Q

The interwave latencies for Waves I - V are:

A

about 1.5 - 5.5 msec

43
Q

The interwave latencies for waves III - V are:

A

about 4 - 5.5 msec

44
Q

Maturation of the Auditory System:

True or False:

Maturation begins at the periphery - adult-like at birth

A

True

45
Q

Maturation of the response and latency of the ABR waveforms reaches around:

A.) 18 months

B.) 15 months

C.) 24 months

D.) 10 months

E.) 20 months

A

C - 24 months

(2 years)

46
Q

Brief stimulus or broad spectrum consists of what type of sounds?

A

Click

tone burst

47
Q

True or False:

Clicks consists of a duration of 5 msec

A

False - .1 msec (100 micro seconds)

*elicits response from the basal end of the BM (between 2 and 4 kHz)

48
Q

What is the difference between a tone burst and click?

A

Clicks last for .1 msec and is great for eliciting response from the Basilar of the BM

Tone Bursts are sinusoidal which last 5 msec and are great threshold estimation at specific frequency regions

49
Q

What are the three main uses for ABR?

A

1 - Neonatal hearing screening

2 - Evaluate hearing

3 - Dx evaluation of the integrity of the neural pathway

50
Q

What are the ABCs of High Risk Register for deafness?

A

A - asphyxia

B - Bacterial Meningitis

C - Congenital Perinatal Infections

D - Defects of head and neck

E - Elevated bilirubin

F - Family History

G - gram birth weight

51
Q

What are newborn hearing screening techniques?

A

OAE (Otoacoustic Emissions)

ABR (Auditory brainstem response)

Two Stage (OAE + ABR)

52
Q

Explain the procedure of OAE

A

sounds are presented to ear canal and a small microphone measures the response in the ear canal

avg. test time is 5-15 minutes

53
Q

Explain the procedure of ABR

A

sounds are presented to the ear and surface electrodes measure an EEG type response from the auditory nerve. a response from the nerve constitutes a pass

avg. time to complete: 20 minutes

54
Q

Explain two stage OAE + ABR

A

babies who fail the OAE screening receive an ABR screening prior to leaving the hospital

in some facilities, 2 stage process may include a second OAE screening within 24 hours beforer procedding with ABR.

55
Q

What if infant fails UNHS?

A

babies who fail initial hearing screening will actually have normal hearing

56
Q

What is the role of the ‘medical home’?

A

as clinicians we need to understand testing results at screening and diagnostic phases and implications to follow up

assure follow-up screening: refer for diagnostic and medical specialty evaluations

support family in understanding severity and type of hearing loss

57
Q

What are some useful recommendations offered by JCIH?

A

check for auditory skills, middle ear status, dev. milestones, parental concerns (in each visit)

  • if concerned, refer to audiologist and SLP for evaluationi
  • if hearing loss is eval’d, refer siblings of infant for audiological evaluatioin
  • refer infants with any RISK factors
58
Q

What are some follow-up testing procedures?

A

*referral for follow-up testing : repeat OAE/ABR testing

*if hearing loss still suspect: refer to ped. audiologist, use freq. specific ABR to estimate degree and config. of hearing loss

59
Q

True or False:

The hearing screening for school age children is a threshold measure

A

False

60
Q

What are you actually doing when conducting hearing screening on school-age children?

A

*screen for presence of hearing loss

*screen for presence of middle ear dysfunction

61
Q

According to the ASHA guidelines:

A

* use pure tone screening

*screening level or “fence” 20 dB HL

*frequencies - 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz

62
Q

True or False:

A failure is considered in any frequency in both ears

A

False -

a failure is considered in any frequency in one ear

63
Q

During the immittance screening a clinician should be:

A

looking for middle ear dysfunction; not a hearing loss

*may need to refer to do tympanometry

64
Q

True or False:

A failure in immittance screening is considered when you get a flat tympanogram in both ears

A

False -

a failure in immittance screening is considered when you get a flat tympanogram in any ear

CD 674 Pediatric Audiology (6 decks)

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