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cell physiology > Second messengers > Flashcards

Second messengers Flashcards

1
Q

Gq activates

A

PLCB

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2
Q

PLCB acts on/cleaves

A

PIP2

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3
Q

The products of the cleavage of PIP2 by PLCB are second messengers:

A

IP3 and DAG

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4
Q

DAG is

A

Lipophilic

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5
Q

Dag remains

A

in the membrane

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6
Q

IP3 is

A

Hydrophilic

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7
Q

IP3 diffuses to

A

the cytosol

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8
Q

IP3 is water….

A

water soluble

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9
Q

Where does IP3 go?

A

diffuses to the cytosol and then to the ER

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10
Q

What does IP3 bind to?

A

IP3-gated Ca 2+ release channels in the ER

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11
Q

Ca2+ stored in the ER does what?

A

Ca2+ stored in the ER is released when the channels open and raises the concentration in the cytosol

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12
Q

DAG stays in

A

the plasma membrane

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13
Q

DAG with Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine activate

A

PKC-protein kinase C

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14
Q

PKC then….

A

phosphorylates target proteins

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15
Q

DAG can also be….

A

DAG can also be cleaved to release arachidonic acid

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16
Q

Extracellular calcium

A

The principal mineral in bone

17
Q

Intracellular calcium is part of the

A

second messenger system

18
Q

What stimuli activates channels in the plasma membrane?

A

Extracellular stimuli

19
Q

What stimuli activates Ca2+ channels in the ER and SR membrane?

A

Intracellular stimuli (GPCR mediates IP3 receptor)(ryanodine receptor)

20
Q

What terminates Ca 2+ signal?

A
  • calcium pumps

- Ca 2+ transporters

21
Q

Calcium pumps are..

A

calcium pumps use the energy of ATP hydrolysis to pump Ca 2+ out of the cytosol

22
Q

Ca transporters are..

A

Ca transporters couple the efflux of Ca2+ to the influx of Na+ in muscle and nerve cells

23
Q

What helps relay calcium’s signal in the cytosol?

A

Ca binding proteins like Calmodulin

24
Q

The effects of calcium are indirect and mediated by what?

A

protein kinases: CaM-kinases: Ca/Calmodulin-dependent kinases

25
Q

effects of calcium are mediated by

A

CaM-Kinase II- a protein kinase that autophosphorylates (positive feedback)

cell physiology (9 decks)

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