Second Messengers Flashcards
List 9 examples of second messengers
DAG, phosphatidylinosotol , IP3,Ca, cAMP,cGMP. NO,CO,H2S
List the 3 Types of second messengers and give examples
hydrophobic molecules:membrane associated.DAG, phosphatidylinosotol.
- hydrophilic molecules:water soluble molecules located within the cytosol. IP3,Ca, cAMP,cGMP.
- Gases: NO,CO,H2S . Which can move thorough the cytosol and across cell membrane
—— is converted to cAMP by ——- enzyme
ATP
active form of adenylcyclase
As a regulation, cAMP can be converted to ——- by —— enzyme
AMP
phosphodiesterase
Mention 3 cAMP TARGETS
PKA
EPACs
CREB
Full menaning of pKa
Camp dependent protein kinase A
Full meaning of EPAC
Camp regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors called
Exchange protein directly activated by camp
Full meaning of CREB
Camp response element binding protein
Full meaning OF cAMP
cAMP = cyclic 3,5 Adenosine monophosphate
——ion aids the conversion of ATP to cAMP
Mg
Adenylate cyclase is activated by stimulatory G(—)-protein-coupled receptors
gs
cAMP can be inhibited by cylase inhibitory G (—-)-protein-coupled receptors
Gi
Effect of the following on cAMP. PGE1 :\_\_ -Adenosine:\_\_\_\_ -ACTH:\_\_\_\_\_ -Glucagon:\_\_\_\_\_ -adrenaline:\_\_\_\_\_
inhibitory
inhibitory
excitatory
excitatory
excitatory
adenylcyclase is——- kind of protein
an integral membrane protein
the most common downstream effector of cAMP is——-
protein kinase A
PKA is normally——- as a —-meric —-enzyme.
inactive
tetra
holo
nature of PKA is from——- units and———- units
2 catalytic
2 regulatory
the—— units always block the——- units of the PKA by binding to it———
regulatory
catalytic
non-covalently
——camp molecules bind to each PKA——— subunit
2
regulatory
active PKA——- CREB.
-CREB binds to a—— region and then binds to a——-(——-) which co-activates—— and allows it to——-
activates
CRE
CBP
creb binding protein
CREB
switch certain genes on and off to alter transcription
CREB proteins in neurones are thought to be involved in the formation of——
long-term memory
CREB is important for the survival of neurones . T/F
T
cAMP mediates some ——aspects of synaptic transmission
short-term
CAMP signaling cascade!
Step 1
-ligand binds to—— ; leads to——- in the receptor and exposing binding site for——
Then ——diffuses to come in contact with the—- to activate the—— for—— exchange
receptor
conformational changes
G protein
Gprotein
ligand-receptor complex
G protein
GTP-GDP
CAMP signaling cascade!
Step 2
(a)——displaces—— leading to—- of Gprotein dissociating from it and exposing a binding site for—— on the——
-the subunit binds to and activates—— to produce molecules of——
(b)——of the GTP by the subunit returns it to its original configuration so it release adenylcyclase (making it——) and binding back to———
-activation of cyclase is repeated till———
GTP GDP alpha subunit Adenyl cyclase alpha subunit Adenyl cyclase cAMP hydrolysis inactive beta subunit the Ligand dissociates from the receptor
G protein-coupled receptor can’t interact sequentially with more than one G protein macromolecule.
T/F
F
———complex can open multiple ion channels
beta-gamma
Cytochrome C oxidase is an inhibitor of Nitric Oxide
T/F
T
cAMP works on only PKA of the protein kinase series
T/F
F. Works on PKG too
Adenyl cyclase contains —- transmembrane segments
12
PKA can’t phosphorylate other protein kinases.
T/F
F
