LAST CLASS NT Flashcards
Why is There a delay at synapses delay at synapses
because chemical transmission between neurons is slower than electrical transmission (action potential) within a neuron.
Neurotransmitters are produced in the —- of a neuron
cell body
Normally, the concentration of Ca2+ in the pre-synaptic neuron is —— (by the action of a ———).
very low
Ca pump
Effect of physostigmine in nerve transmission
inhibit the enzymes that break down acetylcholine
physostigmine, reversible or not
Reversible
——- is Involved with thought, feeling, motivation, and behavior, movement, attention, decision making
Dopamine
List 2 neurotransmitters involved with memory and learning
Ach and glutamate
—-NT is useful in forming memories
Noradrenaline
—-NT is involved in reward mechanisms in the brain
Dopamine
——- is to emotion and mood AS ——- is to scheduling dream sleep
Serotonin
Ach
—— NT plays a role in perception.
Serotonin
——— NT is tied to migraines, irritable bowel syndrome, and fibromyalgia
Serotonin
Fibromyalgia is ——
Widespread muscle pain and tenderness.
hemlock is to —- AS Hallucinogens are to ——-
Acetcycoline receptor sites
Serotonin receptors sites
botulin causes——
paralysis
The botulin derivative botox is used by many people to ——-
temporarily eliminate wrinkles.
there is no link between acetylcholine and Alzheimer’s disease
T/F
F
There is about a —% ——— of acetylcholine in the brains of people suffering from ——, which is a major cause of ——.
90% loss
Alzheimer’s
senility
——-NT is associated with bringing our nervous systems into “high alert.”
Norepinephrine
Stress tends to——- our store of adrenalin
-Exercise tends to—— it
deplete
increase
Amphetamines (“—-“) work by ——— of norepinephrine, as well as other neurotransmitters called dopamine and serotonin
speed
causing the release
Effect of nicotine and heroin on dopamine??
increase the levels of dopamine.
If it feels good,——- neurons are probably involved!
dopamine
schizophrenia has been shown to involve —- amounts of dopamine in the—— lobes
excessive
frontal
Effect of alcohol on dopamine levels
Increases it
too—— dopamine in the —- of the brain are responsible for Parkinson’s disease
little
motor areas
low dopamine is not related to social anxiety.
T/F
F
Valium works by —- to the —— receptor sites and thereby —- the effects of ——-
binding
GABA
enhancing
GABA.
People with too—— GABA tend to suffer from anxiety disorders
little
Effect of alcohol on gaba
chemicals in alcohol actually reduce the production of GABA in the brain and throughout the body
Effect of barbiturates on gaba transmission
Aid it
—-NT is actually toxic to neurons
glutamate
ALS, more commonly known as ——- disease, results from excessive ——- production.
Lou Gehrig’s
glutamate
Too—— serotonin has been shown to lead to depression
little
OCD. Stands for??
obsessivecompulsive disorder
Low levels of —-NT can lead to OCD,suicide, or no anger control
Serotonin
Endorphin is short for “————.”
endogenous morphine
Too little serotonin also leads to an increased appetite for protein.
T/F
F. carbohydrates (starchy foods)
Endorphins are structurally similar to ——-
Opiods
Too little —— can cause trouble sleeping
Serotonin
Prozac works on which NT? And how
Serotonin
By preventing its reuptake
Hallucinogens such as —-, ——, ——, and —- work by attaching to serotonin receptor sites
LSD
mescaline
psilocybin
ecstasy
Effect of endorphins on mood and pain
Elevates mood
Blocks pain
opioid drugs work by attaching to —— receptor sites.
endorphin’s
—— is the neurotransmitter that allows bears and other animals to ——-
Endorphins
hibernate
Effect of Heroin on heart-rate, respiration, and metabolism in general
It’s slows them
