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Linux Certification > Sec. 40 Backup and Recovery Methods > Flashcards

Sec. 40 Backup and Recovery Methods Flashcards

1
Q

cpio and tar

A

cpio and tar create and extract archives of files .

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2
Q

gzip, bzip2, and xz

A

Archives are often compressed with gzip, bzip, or xz. the archive file may be written to disk , magnetic tape, or any other device which can hold files.
Archives are very useful for transferring files from on filesystem or machine to another.

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3
Q

dd

A

dd -this powerfull utility is often used to transfer raw data between media. it can copy entire partitions or hard disks .

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4
Q

rsync

A

rsync - this powerful utility can synchronize directory subtrees or entire filesystems across a network, or between different filesystems locations on a local machine.

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5
Q

mt

A

mt - this utility is useful for querying and positioning tapes before performing backups and restores.

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6
Q

Describe some of tar commands features :

A
  • when creating a tar archive, for each directory given as an arguement, all files and subdirectories will be included in the archive.
  • when restoring, it reconstitutes directories as necessary.
  • it even has a –newer option that lets you do incremental backups
  • the version of tar used in linux can also handle backups that do no fit on one tape or whatever device you use.
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7
Q

tar

A

-arg - directory

-description: for each directory given, all files and subdirectories will be included in the archive.

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8
Q

when restoring tar, it reconstitutes ….?

A

when restoring tar , it reconstitutes the directories as necessary.

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9
Q

tar even has a –newer option that …….?

A

tar even has a –newer option that lets you do incremental backups

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10
Q

by default tar will recursively …….?

A

by default tar will recursively include all subdirectories in the archive.

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11
Q

archive

A

an archive is a file that contains the contents fo many files , while still identifying the names of the files , their owners and so forth.

-in addition archives records access permissions , user, and group , size in bytes, and data modification time.

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12
Q

the files in archives are called ……?

A

memebers

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13
Q

the term extraction refers to the process of copying an archive member (or multiple members) into a file in the file system.

A

Extracting all the memebers of an archive is often call extracting the archive.

or unpacking the archive.

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14
Q

what does the term extraction refer to w.r.t. archives ?

A

the term extraction refers to the process of copying an archive member or multiple members into a file in the file system.

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15
Q

extracting an archive does not destroy the archive’s structure, just as creating an archive does not destroy the copies of hte files that exist outside the archive.

A

You may list the members in a given archive, or append members to a pre-existing archive.

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16
Q

the tar program provides teh abiltiy to create tar archives, as well as varius other kinds of manipulation.

A

You can use tar archives in many ways. there are three important ones: storage, backup, and transportation.

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17
Q

conventionally , tar archives are given names that end with …..?

A

.tar

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18
Q

what are three main options of the tar program?

A
  1. –create
  2. –list
  3. –extract
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19
Q

the main types of arguements of the tar fall inot one of two classes. what are they?

A
  1. operations
  2. options
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20
Q

w.r.t tar am I required to specify options?

A

no

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21
Q

Can i specify more than one operation with tar?

A

no

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22
Q

tar –create or tar -c

A

create a new tar archive

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23
Q

tar –list or tar -t

A

list the contents of an archive

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24
Q

tar –extract or tar -x

A

extract one or more members from an archive.

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25
Q

tar –file=archive-name or tar -f archive-name

A

specify the name of an archive file

26
Q

tar –verbose or tar -v

A

show the files being worked on as tar is running

27
Q

if I want to see the progress of tar as it writes files into the archive , I can use what option?

A

–verbose

28
Q

when reading archives , tar by default prints only the names of the members being extracted.

A

when writing archives tar does not print file names by default.

29
Q

tar –same-permissions or tar -p

A

ensures files are restored with their original permissions.

30
Q

tar -x or tar –extract

A

extracts members from a archive, all by default.

I can narrow the list to only specify specific files .

if a directory is specified, than all included files and subdirectories will are also extracted.

31
Q

what must I specify when creating an archive?

A

what/which files I want placed in the archive.

32
Q

is the –file=file_name.tar considered one arguement or two ?

A

one

33
Q

tar always sees its first arguement as an _________ ?

A

option

34
Q

when using tar and using the long options is order important?

A

no

35
Q

when does the order of the options become more important?

A

when using the short options versions.

36
Q

when creating an archive using tar does it destroy the orginal files ?

A

no

37
Q

what access would i need to the working directory in order to create an archive in that directory.

A

write access

38
Q

what would happen if i did the following:

$ tar –create –file=collection.tar jazz and the archive collection.tar already existed.

A

the orginal collection.tar would be overwritten

39
Q

If I would like to add files to an already esixting archive what option would I use?

A

–append ; -r

instead of the option –create, -c

40
Q

How would I archive a directory?

A

by specifing the directory name as the filename arguement in tar.

41
Q

where is the archive placed when tar program is invoked?

A

in the directory that tar was invoked.

42
Q

what is the short version of the –list option for tar?

A

-t

43
Q

I can force GNU tar to show member names when creating an archive by using what option?

A

–show-stored-names

44
Q

with what option can I do incremental backups using tar?

A

–newer ; -N

45
Q

when ever I use the option –newer or -N. I need to specify one of two things. what are they?

A
  1. a date

or

  1. a qualified file name.
46
Q

rsync has the ability when copying files from on directories, it will only ________

will be copied over.

A

differences

47
Q

gzip

A

uses lempel-ziv coding (LZ77 ) and produces .giz files

48
Q

bzip

A

uses burrows-wheeler block sorting text compression algorithim and huffman coding and produces .bz2 files .

49
Q

do decompression times vary as much as compression times ?

A

no

50
Q

what is rarely used w.r.t. file compression?

A

.zip files

51
Q

How would use compression at the same time as tar w.r.t. the following example:

$tar zcvf source.tar source.

A

$ tar zcvf source.tar.gz source

52
Q

can compression and archiving happen at the same time?

A

yes.

53
Q

it is often desired to compress files to save……?

A
  1. diskspace

and or

  1. lower network transmission time.
54
Q

modern machines would find the process of _____________-__________-__________ faster than transmiting uncompressed files

A

compress - transmit-decompress

55
Q

For larger files what two compression utilities are used ?

A
  1. bzip2

or

  1. zx
56
Q

For smaller files what compressing utility is used?

A

gzip

57
Q

If I wanted to create a 10mb file filled with zeros what would I do w/ dd?

A

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=outfile bs=1M count=10

58
Q

dd is one of the _________ ________ and is

_______ _________

A

dd is one of the orginal unix utilities and is extermely versatile.

59
Q

Using dd how would I create a backup for /dev/sda1?

A

$ dd if=/dev/sda1 of=partition1.img

60
Q
A

Linux Certification (35 decks)

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