Network Devices and Configuration Flashcards
- are network devices associated with file system entrees in /dev? 2. what are network devices known as ? 3. the network names of made up of _________?
-network devices are not associated with device nodes or device files . ——————————————————————– -Networks are known by their names instead of a filesystem entree in the directory in /dev. ———————————————————————- -the names to the networks are made up of a type identifier and a number.
- what command line utility is used to configure, control and query interface parameters and control devices and routing? _________________________________ 2. the command line utility in question #1 uses ______ instead of ioctl system calls? ___________________________________ 3.the object arguement describes _______ that is going to be performed? ___________________________________ 4. what is the two systax forms for the command utility in question #1?
-ip is the command line utility used to configure, control and query interface parameters and control devices, routing etc. ________________________________________ -ip uses netlink sockets rather than ioctl system calls . _________________________________________ - the basic syntax for ip is : -ip [options] object {command | help} - ip [- force] -batch filename Where the second can read commands from a designated file. _____________________________________________ -the object argument describes the action that is going to be performed.
what are the main 7 objects that ip uses and their function?
- address- IPv4 and IPv6 protocal devices address ———————————————————- 2. link - network devices ———————————————– 3. maddress - multicast address ——————————————– 4. monitor - watch for netlink messages ————————————————————- 5. route - routing table entry ———————————————————- 6. rule - rule in the routing policy database ————————————————————- 7. tunnel - tunnel over IP.
- how would i lookup all the network interfaces? 2. what would i do to show the information for a specific network interface, including statistics? 3. how would i set up the IP address for a network device eth0? 4 how would i bring down the network device eth0? 5. what would I have to do to set the MTU to 1480 bytes for the network device eth0? 6. how would i use ip to set up a networking route?
-$ ip link show #shows information for all network interfaces -$ip -s link show eth0 #shows the information for the eth0 network interface including statistics . -$ sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.7 dev eth0 #sets the IP address for eth0 -$ sudo ip link set eth0 down #brings eth0 down. -$ sudo ip link set eth0 mtu 1480 #set the MTU to 1480 bytes for eth0 -$ sudo ip route add 72.16.1.0/24 via 192.168.1.5 #sets up the networking route
how would i look up all information for network interfaces ?
$ ip link show
what configuration utility was superseded by the ip command ?
command: ifconfig
when using the Predictable Network interface device names. it is strongly correletaed to __________ and ____________
udev, integrated w/ systemd
What is ifconfig?
System administration utility. ———‐——————— Example: $ ifconfig # displays info about all interfaces
What does PNIDN stand for?
Predictable network interface device names
With PNIDN how many types of names are there?
5
Network interfaces can be configured on the fly by using what two utilities?
ip or ifconfig.
If you’re system is using systemd it is wise to use __________ instead of editing the underlying configuration files.
Network manager
If I want to run scripts to change the network configuration I will want to use____________?
nmcli #command utility
what is nmtui?
it is a Network manager .
How can I navigate nmtui?
I can navigate with arrow keys or the tab key.
With the nmtui I can __________ or ______ __________ as well as set the _________ _________.
activate , edit connections, host name.
what is nmcli?
it is the command line interface for the network manager. _______________________________________ I can see how to use the command utility by typing $ man nmcli-example
Describe the process of routing:
Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic .
What is the routing table?
-the Routing table is a list of routes to other networks managed by the system. -it defines paths to all networks and hosts, sending remote traffic to routers .
If I want to see the current routing table what commands could i use?
- $ ip route - $ route -n
Define the default network:
-the default route is the way packets are sent when there is no other match in the routing table for reaching the specified network.
the default route can be manually (static) configured with what command utility?
Answer: nmcli
Define static routes:
- static routes are used to control packet flow when there is more than one router or route. -they are defined for each interface and can be either persistent or non-persistent.
what two command utilities can I use to create non-persistent routes?
Answer: route() or ip().
If I want to set persistent routes in a debian based system what file to I need to edit?
- /etc/network/interfaces
Define Name Resolution:
- Name resolution is the act of translating hostnames to the IP addresses of their hosts.
There are two facilities for doing translation. What are they?
- Static name resolution.(using /etc/hosts) - Dynamic name resolution . ( using DNS servers)
What is reverse resolution?
- reverse resolution is the process of converting an IP address to a host name.
Name the three command line utilities than can be used to resolve an IP address?
1.dig -is the newest -generates the most information and has many options ___________________________________________ 2. host -more compact. -output from this command is easiest to read. ________________________________ 3. nslookup -older
the file /etc/hosts holds what information?
-/etc/host holds a local database of hostnames and IP address. - It contains a set of records which map IP address with corresponding host names and aliases .
what are two other host-related files?
- /etc/host.deny —————————– 2. /etc/host.allow ————————– -these files are self-documenting. ———————————————- -the allow file is searched first and the deny file is only searched if an entry is not found in the allow file.
If name resolution cannot be achieved through /etc/hosts , then the system will query______________?
-a DNS ( Domain Name Server) server.
A computers usage of DNS is controlled by what file ?
Answer: /etc/resolv.conf
the /etc/resolv.conf file……..?
- Can specify particular domains to search 2. Defines a strict order of name servers to query 3. May be manaully configured or updated from a service such as DHCP
What does DHCP stand for?
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
the IP address declares the ___________ and ____________?
the ip address declares the host device and its location.
IP address are _________ __________ labels assigned to each device.
IP address are unique numerical labels assigned to each device.
The IP address has two functions .What are they?
- Identifies the network interface of host devices 2. Provides the location of the host on the network.
32 bit long addresses provided us with how many addresses to use?
more than 4 billion.
The scheme for using 32 bit addresses is call ______?
IPv4
With IPv6 how long are the addresses?
128 bit long addresses.
ip
-
name:
- ip - show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels
-
synopsis:
-
ip [options] object [command | help]
- command - specifies teh action to perform on the object
-
ip [options] object [command | help]
ip address
protocol address management
what layer is the mac address apart of ?
layer 2, the data link layer
how is the mac address stored in the computer?
it is burned in the ROM chip
can the mac address be changed?
no
the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is used to ….?
to map IP addresses to MAC addresses.
if I want to view the current ARP table on my linux system what command could i exeute?
arp -a
An IP address consists of four ______ seperated by _____
numbers , periods
w.r.t IP addres : in decimal notation each octet must be btween what two numbers ?
0 and 255
IP addresses are sometimes called ……?
dotted squad addresses
each number in the IP address is actually an …….?
an eight bit binary number called an octet.
every host on a IP address based network must have a ….?
unique ip address
A NAT router can present a single registered IP address to a Public network and …..?
hide thousands of the private IP address on the network behind it.
the IP address is made up of two parts . what are they?
- network address
- Node or host address
How much of an address is used for the network and how much is used for the host is defined by …..?
the subnet mask
In order for two hosts on the same network segment to communicate , they need to have the same ….?
network address
which means they need to have the same subnet mask .
Network interfaces can be configured using a……?
non changing IP address or a dynamic IP address
to statically assign Ip address parameters to a linux system. I can use what two commands ?
ifconfig or ip
when I use the ip addr show what does the parameter link stand for ?
the MAC address of the network board
when I use the ip addr show what does the parameter inet stand for ?
the IPv4 address/mask assigned to the interface
when I use the ip addr show what does the parameter inet6 stand for ?
teh IPv6 address/mask assigned to the interface
when I use the ip addr show what does the parameter brd stand for?
the broadcast address of the network segment
routers operate at the network layer and are used to …?
connect various networks together.
Routers determine the best way to get data to the right destination by …..?
maintaining a routing table of available routes
the command : route. its primary purpose is to …….?
set up static routes to specific hosts or networks via interfaces after is has been configured by ifconfig or ip.
the command : route. when the add or del options are used , route…..?
modifies the routing tables.
the command : route. without any options what is the result ?
the command : route displays teh current contents of the routing tables.
what option with the command : nmcli makes it easier to read ?
-p or –pretty
what is the syntax for the command: nmcli general?
nmcli general [status | hostname | permissions | logging} [arguements….]
what command would give me the overall status of the network manager?
nmcli general status
what is the syntax of the command : nmcli?
nmcli [options…] { help | general | networking | radio | connection | device | agent | monitor | } [command] [arguments ……]
