Sec. 37 System Startup and Shutdown

Question 1

• what is the first step in the basic boot sequence?:

Answer 1

• the BIOS / UEFI locates and executes the boot program or boot loader .

Question 2

• what is the second step in the basic boot sequence?

Answer 2

2. The boot loader loads the kernel.

Question 3

Name the third step in the basic boot sequence?

Answer 3

3. The kernel starts the init process (pid = 1).

Question 4

What is the 4th step in the basic boot sequence?

Answer 4

4. the init manages system initialization, using systemd or the older Upstart and SysVinit startup scripts.

Question 5

• Education:
  
  • When the power is applied to the computer, the computer can only perform the operations the BIOS orders it to do so.

Answer 5

• Education-
  
  • 1. the bios runs a POST( Power on Self test), which checks the memory and hardware and then searches a specific location or device for a boot program . —-Typically the boot program is found in the device’s MBR( Master Boot Record).
  • 2. Control of the computer is then transferred to this boot program(usually GRUB).
  • 3.The boot program then loads the kernel into memory and executes it. —-on x86 platforms(and many others) , the kernel first has to decompress itself in place.
  • 4. Then the kernel performs hardware checks , gains access to important peripheral hardware and eventually runs the init process.

Question 6

What does BIOS stand for?

Answer 6

Basic input Output system.

Question 7

Where is the boot loader loaded from?

Answer 7

the MBR or Master Boot Record

Question 8

the BIOS is typically place in a _________?

Answer 8

ROM chip, that comes with the computer.

Question 9

On the x86 structure, the bios contains all the code required to gain initial access to the _______, ______ ______,______ ___________, ____________?

Answer 9

• keyboard,
• display screens,
• disk drives,
• serial communications,
• and a number of miscellaneous functions.

Question 10

During the boot process the BIOS loads the _________?

Answer 10

boot loader .

Question 11

What does GRUB stand for?

Answer 11

GRand Unified Boot Loader

Question 12

`Is efibootmgr a boot loader?

Answer 12

• NO,
• It is a boot manager. It works in conjunction with GRUB on a Multi-boot EFI systems

Question 13

what does LILO stand for and what is it?

Answer 13

• LILO stands for The Linus Loader,
• It is old and obsolete.

Question 14

What boot loader is most popular for embedded system?

Answer 14

Das U-Boot

Question 15

Name some of GRUB’s Features .

Answer 15

1. ability to boot mulitple operation systems
2. has both a graphical and a text-based interface allowing ease of use over a serial cable.
3. a powerful command line interface for interactive configuration
4. Network-based diskless booting
5. and other advanced features .

Question 16

In particular, system-wide configuration files are generally place in _____?

Answer 16

/etc and it’s sub-directories.

Question 17

where are user specific configuration files usually placed?

Answer 17

in their individual home directories.

Question 18

All Red Hat derived systems make use of ____________ for system configuration.

Answer 18

/etc/sysconfig

Question 19

All debian based systems have used _________ for system configuration.

Answer 19

/etc/default

Question 20

RHEL and SUSE based system use what system configuration files?

Answer 20

both /etc/sysconfig and /etc/default.

Question 21

• Education:
  
  • The shutdown command is used to bring the system down in a secure fashion,
  • notifying all users that the system is going down and then stopping it in a graceful and non-destructive way.

Answer 21

• Education:
  
  • When the system is shutdown, it is either halted or rebooted.

Question 22

What command is used to bring the system down in a secure fashion?

Answer 22

shutdown

Question 23

what option with the shutdown command will halt the system?

Answer 23

-H

Question 24

-P option for the shutdown command does what ?

Answer 24

power off the machine

Question 25

what option of the shutdown command will not halt/power off/ reboot, just send warning?

Answer 25

-k

Question 26

Name the option that will reboot the machie when used with the shutdown command .

Answer 26

-r

Question 27

If the shutdown command is given without any options what will happen?>

Answer 27

*with no options the default behavior is to power down the machine completely .

Question 28

what is one common mistake with respect to the shutdown command that admin often do?

Answer 28

* failing to include the time arguement.

Question 29

What option used with the shutdown command would cancel a pending shutdown?

Answer 29

-c