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Dermatology > Seborrhea, Malassezia, Otitis, Nodular Skin Diseases > Flashcards

Seborrhea, Malassezia, Otitis, Nodular Skin Diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is the normal timeframe/process of keratinization?

A

21-22days for a cell to migrate through the basal layer to, but not through, the stratum corneum

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2
Q

What influences/regulates sebum production?

A

Regulated by hormones

Influenced by diet

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3
Q

What is primary seborrhea?

A

Genetic defect where production of keratinocytes is faster than they are being shed, affects body folds

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4
Q

What breeds are predisposed to primary seborrhea?

A 
Cocker spaniels
Springer spaniels
Labradors
Westies
GSD
Bassets
Dachshunds 
Schnauzers
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5
Q

What is Vitamin A Responsive Dermatosis?

A

Problem with keratinization that responds to Vitamin A therapy.

Vit A contains retinoids that regulate keratinization. (Hard to just be able to Rx retinoids because of teratogenic properties)

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6
Q

What is Zinc Responsive Dermatosis?

A

Hyperkeratosis around eyes and commissure of mouth. These animals do not have a zinc deficiency, they just need EXTRA zinc

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7
Q

What is a defining feature of parakeratosis?

A

Nucleus is contained in the stratum corneum (immature form of stratum corneum)

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8
Q

What causes the majority of secondary seborrhea?

A

Endocrine problems

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9
Q

What would a biopsy of endocrine dermatosis show?

A

Atrophy of epidermis and sebaceous glands,

Plugged follicles

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10
Q

What are causes of secondary seborrhea?

A 
Endocrine disorder
Allergy
Parasites 
Environmental
Lipid abnormalities
Infectious disease
Neoplastic disease
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11
Q

What is malassezia?

A

Saprophytic, monopolar, lipophilic yeasts that colonize skin and mucocutaneous regions

Has a symbiotic relationship with staph

Disease is caused by hypersensitivity

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12
Q

Are yeast numbers related to the severity of clinical signs?

A

NO

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13
Q

What causes the odor in yeast infections?

A

Metabolism with lipid surface

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14
Q

What are predisposing factors for malassezia?

A

High environmental humidity
Skin folds
Breed disposition

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15
Q

A dog that has intense pruritus and does not respond to steroids probably has

A

Malassezia

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16
Q

What characterizes malassezia in cats?

A

Chin acne

Facial dermatitis

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17
Q

What is the treatment for malassezia?

A

Dogs- ketoconazole
Cats- itraconazole

Also, fluconazole (safe for liver), terbinafine, topical therapies

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18
Q

What is otitis?

A

Inflammation of ear

Clinical sign, NOT A DISEASE

One of the most common disorders

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19
Q

What are some predisposing factors for otitis externa?

A 
Conformation (pendulous ears, stenosis, lots of hair)
Excessive moisture/humidity
Excessive cerumen production
Inappropriate treatment
Obstructive ear disease
Systemic disease
20
Q

What are some common parasites that cause otitis externa?

A 
Otodectes cynotis (ear mite)
Otobius megnini (spinous ear tick)
Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (chiggers)
Otodemodecosis
Sarcoptes scabei var. Canis (scabies)
Notoedres cati (feline scabies)
21
Q

If you see thick, yellow crusts on an ear swab, what might you suspect the animal has?

A

Scabies

22
Q

If an animal has an acute, unilateral otitis, what might you suspect is causing it?

A

Foreign body

23
Q

If an animal has a chronic, bilateral otitis, what might you suspect it has?

A

An endocrinopathy

24
Q

What are some clinical signs of otitis externa?

A

Odor, head shaking, discharge, pruritus, aural hematoma, head tilt, pain, erythema, edema, lichenification, hyperpigmentation, excoriations, mineralization

25
Q

What is the most common cause of otitis media?

A

An extension of otitis externa

26
Q

What are important diagnostic procedures for otitis media?

A 
Deep ear flush
Otoscopy
Cytology/culture
Miringotomy (surgical rupture of TM)
Imaging (Rads, CT, MRI)
Biopsy
27
Q

What are cerumynolytitcs?

A

Used to soften impacted material prior to deep each flush

Some are irritating and potentially ototoxic so need to be rinsed out

28
Q

What are acidifying agent used for (OM)?

A

Drying the ear canal and make it less habitable for microbes

Don’t use with AG

29
Q

What is Tris-EDTA?

A

Alkalizing and chelating agent that works well with AG and fluoroquinolnes

30
Q

In patients with otitis, when is it appropriate to use systemic antibiotics?

A

Only with otitis media or extremely severe/chronic otitis externa

Always WITH topical therapy

31
Q

How long should you treat otitis media?

A

6-8 weeks of topical and sstemic antimicrobials

32
Q

What are nodules?

A

Solid elevations that extend deep int the dermal or SQ tissue
Inflammatory or neoplastic

33
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline sporotrichosis?

A

Draining nodules on the head and distal limbs

Poor response to antibiotic therapy

34
Q

What is the treatment for sporothrichosis?

A

Itaconazole (cats)
Ketoconazole
Iodides

35
Q

What is kerion?

A

Reaction to dermatophytic infection characterized by nodular exudative lesion
(Hunting dogs)

36
Q

What is dermatophytic pseudomycetoma?

A

SQ nodules most commonly on trunk

Persian cats

37
Q

What is pythiosis?

A

“Swamp cancer” characterized by rapidly developing and draining nodules and intense pruritus

Seen on cytology with GMS stain

Needs early diagnosis and aggressive surgery

38
Q

What is lagenidioss?

A

Oomyces infection from contaminated water that causes nodules and draining tracts

39
Q

What is zygomycosis?

A

Infection caused by sapropytic fungi that causes nodular lesions

40
Q

What is zygomycytes?

A

Clinically indistinguishable from pythiosis

41
Q

What is the most common cause of panniculitis?

A

Staph pseudointermedius

42
Q

What is the treatment for deep pyoderma?

A

2-3 months systemic antibiotics

43
Q

What is an acral lick granuloma?

A

Raised, ulcerated mass caused by licking
Usually on extremities
Increased incidence in large breeds

44
Q

What causes lesions in the ventral fat pads on abdomen of cats?

A

Mycobacteria

Treat with fluoroquinolones

45
Q

What is sterile nodular panniculitis?

A

Nodules have discharge but no bacteria
Dachshunds, collies, GSD
Associated with vaccines/injections

Dermatology (8 decks)

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