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Dermatology > Scabies & Demodex > Flashcards

Scabies & Demodex Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is scabies caused by?

A

Sarcoptes scabei var. canis

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2
Q

Is the scabies mite host specific?

A

No; zoonotic disease

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3
Q

How long is the scabies mite life cycle?

A

3 weeks

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4
Q

How is scabies transmitted?

A

Direct contact

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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pruritis with scabies?

A

Hypersensitivity
Mechanic irritation
Pruritogenic substances from saliva and feces

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6
Q

What are the classic sites of infection for scabies?

A

Ventral abdomen
Pinnae
Hocks
Elbows

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7
Q

What is the primary lesion for scabies? Secondary lesions?

A

Primary - papule

Secondary - crusts, alopecia, excoriations, secondary infections

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8
Q

What are some clinical signs of chronic scabies?

A

Hyperpigmentation
Lymphadenopathy
Weight loss
Hyperglobulinemia

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9
Q

What is norwegian scabies?

A

Rare form that causes thick crusts
Numerous mites
Little pruritus
Seen in immunosuppressed animals

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10
Q

What is scabies icognito?

A

Well groomed animals
Intense pruritus
No lesions

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11
Q

How do you diagnose scabies?

A

Skin scrape (pinnae, elbows, hocks)

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12
Q

What is the treatment for scabies?

A

Topical:
Lime sulfur dips
Selamectin
Fipronil

Systemic:
Ivermectin
Milbemycin

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13
Q

What is feline scabies?

A

Notoedric mange, caused by Notoedres mite

Causes extreme pruritus on head and neck

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14
Q

What is cheyletiella?

A

“Walking dandruff”
Produce digesting enzymes and eat dissolved skin of host
Causes irritation, hairloss, scabs
3 types for dogs, rabbits, cats

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15
Q

Is cheyetiella zoonotic?

A

Yes, can cause papular eruption and pruritus
Cannot reproduce on human skin
Self-limiting

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16
Q

How long is the lifecycle of cheyetiella?

A

3 weeks

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17
Q

How do you treat cheyetiella?

A

It’s easily killed by most insecticides
Environment should be cleaned

Don’t use fiipronil on rabbits

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18
Q

What is pediculosis?

A

Lice, two types:
Biting (trichodectes canis)
Sucking (linognatus setosus)

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19
Q

Is pediculosis zoonotic?

A

no, host-specific

20
Q

How is pediculosis diagnosed?

A

Physical identification of lice and eggs

21
Q

How is pediculosis treated?

A

Clip coat in long-haired animals
Treat to cover lifecycle
Pyrethrin, fipronil, lime sulfur

22
Q

How long is the lifecycle of the demodex mite?

A

25-30 days

23
Q

How is demodex transmitted?

A

Mites transmitted to pups from bitch in the first 1-3 days of life
Present in low numbers in healthy post-natal dogs
Disease is caused by abnormal proliferation

24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of demodecosis?

A

Deficient cell-mediated immune response
Genetics (autosomal recessive)
Immunosuppression
Bacterial folliculitis

25
Q

Is demodex contagious or zoonotic?

A

No

26
Q

What are the clinical signs of demodex?

A 
Papules/pustules, erythema
Alopecia
Scaling, crusting
Comedones
Patchy alopecia
Hyperpigmentation
27
Q

What are the three techniques to diagnose demodex?

A

Deep skin scrape
Hair plucks
Biopsy

28
Q

What are the different types of demodex?

A

Juvenile onset
Adult onset
Localized
Generalized

29
Q

For breeding animals, why would you want to wait and see if localized demodex will eventually become generalized?

A

To know/discuss prognosis

To make recommendations about neutering

30
Q

What percent of localized demodicosis will resolve on its own? What percent will generalize?

A

90% will clear

10% will generalize

31
Q

How do you treat juvenile demodicosis?

A

Benign neglect
Antibiotics
Benzoyl peroxide shampoo (2-3%.. less than human dose!)
Deworming, good diet, etc.

32
Q

Why would you not treat demodicosis with miticides?

A

To know if it will become generalized

Prevent unnecessary medical treatment

33
Q

How should you monitor localized demodicosis?

A

Deep skin scrapes in 5 spots

If mite count decreases and lesion is resolving. Recheck q4weeks until resolves

If mite count increases, and other sites are positive, may be progressing to generalized

34
Q

What is it called if demodicosis involves two or more feet?

A

Pododemodicosis

35
Q

What should be considered for adult demodicosis?

A

If there is any underlying immunosuppression…

steroid misuse, endocrine disease, metabolic disease, neoplasia

36
Q

What percent of juvenile generalized demodicosis will self-clear?

A

50% self clear

50% require treatment

37
Q

How do you treat generalized demodicosis?

A

Miticide (Amitraz, milbemycin, ivermectin, moxidectin, bravecto)
Antibiotics
Benzoyl peroxide

38
Q

When should you not use amitraz to treat demodicosis?

A

Patients that are: toy breeds, sick, old, have extensive ulcerations

Owners that have: asthma diabetes taking MOA (Parkinson’s)

39
Q

What is the only FDA approved treatment for demodicosis?

A

Amitraz

40
Q

Why should you not give ivermectin to collies, shelties, australian shepherds, etc?

A

MDR1 gene deletion causes
Defect in proton pump (P-glycoprotein)

Drug crosses into brain but not pumped out efficiently

41
Q

How long should you treat demodicosis with ivermectin?

A

Until 3 negative skin scrapes at 4 week intervals

5 sites each time, always include muzzle and feet

42
Q

What percent of generalized demodex is juvenile?

A

97%

43
Q

What breeds are hard to cure of demodex?

A

OESD
Afghan Hound
Shih Tzu
Lhasa Apso

44
Q

What species of mites cause feline demodicosis?

A

D. Cati

D. Gatoi

45
Q

What is the difference between D. Cati and D. Gatoi?

A

D. Cati - follicular mite, due to immunosuppression, variably pruritic, need deep scrape

D. Gatoi- stratum corneum mite, contagious, very pruritic, superficial skin scrape, common in Texas

46
Q

How do you treat feline demodicosis?

A

D. Cati- ivermectin

D. Gatoi- ivermectin, lime dip

47
Q

How can you tell the difference between D. Cati and D. Gatoi under the microscope?

A

D. Cati is long and narrow

D. Gatoi is short and wide

Dermatology (8 decks)

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