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Dermatology > Endocrinopathies & Feline Dermatoses > Flashcards

Endocrinopathies & Feline Dermatoses Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the general signalment for animals with endocrinopathies?

A

Middle aged
Alteration in hair coat
Have underlying non-pruritic diseases responsible for recurrent skin and ear infections

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2
Q

The “tragic expression” or “Eeyore syndrome” is typical of what disease?

A

Hypothyroidism

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3
Q

What are the different types of hypothyroidism?

A

Primary - thyroid problem
Secondary - pituitary problem
Tertiary - hypothalamic problem

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4
Q

What is sick euthyroid syndrome?

A

Illness that interferes with thyroid levels so is a common reason for false diagnosis of hypothyroidism
Thyroid is actually fine

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5
Q

What hormone is most often measured clinically in thyroid testing? Why?

A

T4; T3 is more metabolically active so levels fluctuate too much to be diagnostic

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6
Q

What do thyroid hormones bind to?

A

Proteins-

Thyroid hormone binding globulin (TBG)
Thyroxin binding pre-albumin (TBPA)
Albumin

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7
Q

What are the functions of thyroid hormones?

A 
Growth
Protein synthesis
Lipid metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism
Hematopoiesis
Reproduction
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8
Q

What are the dermatologic clinical signs of hypothyroidism?

A 
Seborrhea
Recurrent infections
Hyperpigmentation
Dry, brittle hair coat
Alopecia
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9
Q

What breeds are predisposed to hypothyroidism?

A 
Golden Retrievers
Doberman Pinschers
Dachshund
Great Dane
Poodle
Boxer
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10
Q

What does a CBC, chem, and thyroid panel look like for a dog with hypothyroidism?

A

CBC: normochromic, normocytic non-regenerative anemia

Chem: inc cholesterol and triglycerides

Thyroid panel: dec. T4, TSH inc (primary hypothyroidism) or dec (secondary or tertiary)

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11
Q

What are the advantages of testing FT4 over TT4?

A

Direct correlation with availability to tissues

Less influenced by medical conditions and drug competition

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12
Q

What on a skin biopsy would be indicative of an endocrine disease?

A

Hyperkeratosis and follicular keratosis

Increase in telogen in hair follicles

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13
Q

What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

A

Synthetic T4 supplementation

0.1mg/10#body weight BID

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14
Q

What is the most common reason for failure of hypothyroid treatment?

A

Wrong diagnosis, dose, product or frequency

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15
Q

What endocrinopathy is a “pooh belly” indicative of?

A

Hyperadrenocorticism

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16
Q

What is the most common type of hyperadrenocorticism?

A

Pituitary

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17
Q

What are the dermatologic clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism?

A 
COMEDONES!!!
Demodex
Recurrent infections
Cutaneous atrophy
Hyperpigmentation
Calcinosis cutis
18
Q

Why would you need to rule out hyperadrenocorticism before diagnosing hypothyroidism?

A

Steroids will interfere with tests

19
Q

What are clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism in cats?

A

DM

Fragile skin

20
Q

What breeds are predisposed to alopecia?

A

Pomeranians
Miniature poodles
Chow-chow
Samoyeds

21
Q

What are the clinical signs of adrenal sex hormone imbalance?

A

Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia
Head and extremities are spared
Hyper pigmentation
No systemic abnormalities

22
Q

How do you diagnose adrenal sex hormone imbalance?

A

ACTH test
Sex hormone levels (Progesterone levels inc)

(University of Tennessee)

23
Q

What is the treatment for adrenal sex hormone imbalance?

A

Not necessary
Can give melatonin

Intact-> castrate
Neutered -> give methyltestosterone

Ketoconazole
Lysodren
Trilostance

24
Q

What are the dermatologic clinical signs of sertoli cell tumors?

A 
Bilateral, symmetrical alopecia
Hyperpigmentation
Seborrhea
Ceruminous otitis externa
Gynecomastia
Linear preputial dermatosis
25
Q

What is miliary dermatitis?

A

“Scabby cat disease”

Treat by identifying underlying cause
Can give depomedrol or prednisolone

26
Q

What is eosinophilic granuloma complex?

A

Dermatosis of cats

Includes several clinical manifestations (indolent ulcer, eosinophilic plaque, collagenolytic granuloma)

27
Q

What are the 3 clinical manifestations of eosinophilic granuloma complex and what do they look like?

A
  1. Indolent ulcer (“rodent ulcer”): inflammatory ulcer on upper lip that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma
  2. Eosinophilic plaque: Well-circumscribed red yellow edematous plaque that is intensely pruritic on groin or medial thighs. Associated with flea allergies.
  3. Collagenolytic granuloma (3 types- linear, nodular, chin form)
28
Q

What are clinical signs of feline mosquito hypersensitivity?

A

Papular/ulcerative, nodular lesions on nose, pinnae, paws

29
Q

How can you treat feline mosquito hypersensitivity?

A

Glucocorticoids

Avoid mosquitos

30
Q

What are the two main causes of feline alopecia?

A

Endocrine

Self-induced

31
Q

What is a helpful diagnostic test to use when differentiating between endocrine or self-induced feline alopecia?

A

Trichogram

32
Q

What are clinical signs of self-induced feline alopecia?

A

Bilateral hair loss on sides and flanks
Normal skin
Broken hairs

33
Q

What information can a trichogram provide?

A

What phase of growth the hair is in (anagen = growing, telogen = resting)

If the hairs are broken

34
Q

What are the two main causes of self-induced alopecia in felines?

A

Pruritus

Behavioral

35
Q

A shiny, non-pruritic alopecia in a cat is indicative of what disease?

A

Paraneoplastic alopecia

36
Q

Self-trauma on the head of a cat is indicative of what disease?

A

Food allergy

37
Q

How can you diagnose a food allergy?

A

Do a limited antigen food trial

38
Q

What is feline atopy?

A

Atopic dermatitis characterized by generalized miliary dermatitis + eosinophilic dermatitis (with or without plaques) and symmetrical hair loss

Treat with allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT)

39
Q

Why is depomedrol favored as a therapy for cats?

A

Injectable (cat are harder to pill)

Cats are more resistant to adrenal suppression caused by glucocrticoids

40
Q

What oral glucocorticoids are best to use in feline patients?

A

Prednisolone
Methylprednisolone
Dexamethasone

Dermatology (8 decks)

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