Endocrinopathies & Feline Dermatoses Flashcards by Alison med

What is the general signalment for animals with endocrinopathies?

Middle aged
Alteration in hair coat
Have underlying non-pruritic diseases responsible for recurrent skin and ear infections

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The “tragic expression” or “Eeyore syndrome” is typical of what disease?

Hypothyroidism

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What are the different types of hypothyroidism?

Primary - thyroid problem
Secondary - pituitary problem
Tertiary - hypothalamic problem

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What is sick euthyroid syndrome?

Illness that interferes with thyroid levels so is a common reason for false diagnosis of hypothyroidism
Thyroid is actually fine

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What hormone is most often measured clinically in thyroid testing? Why?

T4; T3 is more metabolically active so levels fluctuate too much to be diagnostic

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What do thyroid hormones bind to?

Proteins-

Thyroid hormone binding globulin (TBG)
Thyroxin binding pre-albumin (TBPA)
Albumin

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What are the functions of thyroid hormones?

Growth
Protein synthesis
Lipid metabolism
Carbohydrate metabolism
Hematopoiesis
Reproduction

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What are the dermatologic clinical signs of hypothyroidism?

Seborrhea
Recurrent infections
Hyperpigmentation
Dry, brittle hair coat
Alopecia

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What breeds are predisposed to hypothyroidism?

Golden Retrievers
Doberman Pinschers
Dachshund
Great Dane
Poodle
Boxer

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What does a CBC, chem, and thyroid panel look like for a dog with hypothyroidism?

CBC: normochromic, normocytic non-regenerative anemia

Chem: inc cholesterol and triglycerides

Thyroid panel: dec. T4, TSH inc (primary hypothyroidism) or dec (secondary or tertiary)

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What are the advantages of testing FT4 over TT4?

Direct correlation with availability to tissues

Less influenced by medical conditions and drug competition

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What on a skin biopsy would be indicative of an endocrine disease?

Hyperkeratosis and follicular keratosis

Increase in telogen in hair follicles

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What is the treatment for hypothyroidism?

Synthetic T4 supplementation

0.1mg/10#body weight BID

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What is the most common reason for failure of hypothyroid treatment?

Wrong diagnosis, dose, product or frequency

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What endocrinopathy is a “pooh belly” indicative of?

Hyperadrenocorticism

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What is the most common type of hyperadrenocorticism?

Pituitary

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What are the dermatologic clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism?

COMEDONES!!!
Demodex
Recurrent infections
Cutaneous atrophy
Hyperpigmentation
Calcinosis cutis

Why would you need to rule out hyperadrenocorticism before diagnosing hypothyroidism?

Steroids will interfere with tests

What are clinical signs of hyperadrenocorticism in cats?

Fragile skin

What breeds are predisposed to alopecia?

Pomeranians
Miniature poodles
Chow-chow
Samoyeds

What are the clinical signs of adrenal sex hormone imbalance?

Bilaterally symmetrical alopecia
Head and extremities are spared
Hyper pigmentation
No systemic abnormalities

How do you diagnose adrenal sex hormone imbalance?

ACTH test
Sex hormone levels (Progesterone levels inc)

(University of Tennessee)

What is the treatment for adrenal sex hormone imbalance?

Not necessary
Can give melatonin

Intact-> castrate
Neutered -> give methyltestosterone

Ketoconazole
Lysodren
Trilostance

What are the dermatologic clinical signs of sertoli cell tumors?

Bilateral, symmetrical alopecia
Hyperpigmentation
Seborrhea
Ceruminous otitis externa
Gynecomastia
Linear preputial dermatosis

What is miliary dermatitis?

"Scabby cat disease" Treat by identifying underlying cause Can give depomedrol or prednisolone

What is eosinophilic granuloma complex?

Dermatosis of cats Includes several clinical manifestations (indolent ulcer, eosinophilic plaque, collagenolytic granuloma)

What are the 3 clinical manifestations of eosinophilic granuloma complex and what do they look like?

1. Indolent ulcer ("rodent ulcer"): inflammatory ulcer on upper lip that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma 2. Eosinophilic plaque: Well-circumscribed red yellow edematous plaque that is intensely pruritic on groin or medial thighs. Associated with flea allergies. 3. Collagenolytic granuloma (3 types- linear, nodular, chin form)

What are clinical signs of feline mosquito hypersensitivity?

Papular/ulcerative, nodular lesions on nose, pinnae, paws

How can you treat feline mosquito hypersensitivity?

Glucocorticoids | Avoid mosquitos

What are the two main causes of feline alopecia?

Endocrine | Self-induced

What is a helpful diagnostic test to use when differentiating between endocrine or self-induced feline alopecia?

Trichogram

What are clinical signs of self-induced feline alopecia?

Bilateral hair loss on sides and flanks Normal skin Broken hairs

What information can a trichogram provide?

What phase of growth the hair is in (anagen = growing, telogen = resting) If the hairs are broken

What are the two main causes of self-induced alopecia in felines?

Pruritus | Behavioral

A shiny, non-pruritic alopecia in a cat is indicative of what disease?

Paraneoplastic alopecia

Self-trauma on the head of a cat is indicative of what disease?

Food allergy

How can you diagnose a food allergy?

Do a limited antigen food trial

What is feline atopy?

Atopic dermatitis characterized by generalized miliary dermatitis + eosinophilic dermatitis (with or without plaques) and symmetrical hair loss Treat with allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT)

Why is depomedrol favored as a therapy for cats?

Injectable (cat are harder to pill) Cats are more resistant to adrenal suppression caused by glucocrticoids

What oral glucocorticoids are best to use in feline patients?

Prednisolone Methylprednisolone Dexamethasone