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Semester 3 PM Exam 5 > Seated Work and Workplace Design > Flashcards

Seated Work and Workplace Design Flashcards

1
Q

Main contact points

A

Seat is the main support

Through the ischial tuberositites and the soft tissue

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2
Q

Secondary contact points

A

Feet to floor/chair
Back to backrest
Arms to armrest

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3
Q

Advantages of siting posture

A

Stability for tasks requiring fine motor movement or conc vision
Less energy than standing
Reduces stress on LE
Reduce hydrostatic pressure on legs

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4
Q

Seated posture reflects

A

the task, chair, individual

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5
Q

Seated postures - based on

A

Center of mass location relative to the ischial tuberosities

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6
Q

Seated posture - Affects

A

% TBW transferred to different supported surfaces

Affects/reflects lumbar spine position

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7
Q

The more ant tilt you have

A

the more lordosis you have

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8
Q

The more post tilt of the pelvis

A

the lordosis will disappear and may end up with some kyphosis

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9
Q

Posture selected reflects

A 
Individual seating habits
Task demands
Height and inclination of chair seat
Position, shape, inclination of backrest
Presence of other types of support
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10
Q 
Sitting relaxed (no sacrum support)
CoM
Feet support
Lumbar spine
Disk pressure
EMG
A

CoM directly above IT
Feet support about 25% of TBW –> lumbar spine is straight or in slight kyphosis
Disk pressure higher than standing, same EMG activity

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11
Q 
Sitting erect (no sacrum support)
CoM 
Lumbar spine
Disk pressure
EMG
A 
CoM directly above IT
Achieved by rotated pelvis ant
Lumbar spine is in slight lordosis 
Disk pressure lower than relaxed sitting
Same EMG activity
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12
Q 
Sitting leaning forward
CoM
How to achieve this position
Disk pressure
EMG
A

CoM in front of IT
Tilt pelvis forward or leave pelvis and induce kyphosis of the spine
Both cases - disk pressure higher than standing
EMG activity inc

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13
Q 
Sitting leaning back
CoM
Feet support
Disk pressure
EMG
A

CoM behind IT
Feet support less than 25% of TBW
Backward rotation of pelvis and kyphotic lumbar spine
Disk pressure same as relaxed sitting, higher than standing
EMG activity lower

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14
Q

Disk force reflects

A

posture and supported load

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15
Q

Reduction of force - achieved by

A

arm support, sitting straight, and unsupported feet

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16
Q

Greater force found in

A

ant leaning, which was reduced by straight back

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17
Q

Posterior leaning force is similar to

A

relaxed sitting force

18
Q

Office desk and disc force - disc force reflects

A

Posture, supported load, task, environment

19
Q

Office desk and disc force - lower force was found when

A

writing and when depressing a foot pedal

20
Q

Office desk and disc force - higher force was found when

A

typing and when lifting a weight

21
Q

Backrest inclination - the more you have

A

the less activity of the erector spinae

22
Q

Lumbar support vs backrest inclination - which has biggest difference

A

Use of lumbar support more important than backrest inclination

23
Q

To reduce disc pressure when seated

A

Use lumbar support

Increase backrest inclination

24
Q

Writing at desk

A

Dec noted compared with other tasks

Arms supported by the desk

25
Q

Typing and lifting a phone

A

Inc pressure
Larger external load moments
Stability requirements

26
Q

Leaning forward unsupported does what to disc pressure

A

inc

27
Q

Posture fixity

A

maintaining the same posture for a period of time
We want to reduce this
10-15 minute breaks for every 2 hours seated

28
Q

Seat angle and erector spinae

A

No differences

29
Q

a good chair

A

functionally adapts to the occupant and the task

30
Q

Comfort frequently defined as

A

the absense of discomfort

31
Q

Determining comfort based on

A

Observe body posture and movement
Observe task performance
Direct subjective ratings of general comfort

32
Q

Foot support - High sitting

A

Affects circulation
Pressure applied close on thighs close to the knees
Leg swelling –> pressure on sciatic nerve
Should not feel the edges of the chair

33
Q

Foot support - high sitting - semi seated position

A

eases transition to standing but increased lower extremity stress

34
Q

Seat height affects buttocks pressure - low seat height =

A

too small contact area

35
Q

Seat height affects buttocks pressure - high seat

A

stresses on the legs inc which may cause swelling

36
Q

Clinical aspects of seated posture

A

Avoid postural rigidity

Workers must be altered to problems occurring from long lasting low level muscular efforts

37
Q

Workstation Goal

A

Function, comfort, user friendliness, minimizing spinal disc forces

38
Q

Workstation - lumbar support

A

Use backrest that has lumbar support allowing for spinal curvature similar to standing

39
Q

Workplace - leg positions

A

movement of pelvis caused by different positioning of knees and hips

40
Q

Workplace - seat design

A

tilted seats, contoured or cushioned support to ideally position pelvis, use of armrest, adjustibility, seat width, height and depth

41
Q

Workplace - desk design

A

bottom height, top height, inclination of surface, work suface size, surface friction

Semester 3 PM Exam 5 (10 decks)

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